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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Identity of Realism and Iranian Constitution based on Poems by Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini
        Parvaneh Ramezani reza forsati joybari hossein parsaeei
        Realism is a literary school of thought, influencing, objective and external emerging in mid-19th century in France and spreading rapidly while attracting the poets, authors and artists toward itself. In Iran also, concurrent with the movement of the constitutionalists, More
        Realism is a literary school of thought, influencing, objective and external emerging in mid-19th century in France and spreading rapidly while attracting the poets, authors and artists toward itself. In Iran also, concurrent with the movement of the constitutionalists, some transformations occurred in the elements of Iranian identity bestowing in terms of identity and the poets and authors paid attention to their national identity and the decline and retardation of their country. Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Gazvini the revolutionary poets of this era, strongly inclined to liberation and supporting the laborers and farmers, they’ve demonstrated their attention to the status of the country. Applying content analysis method, (Descriptive- Analytical) the present study aims to analyze and outline the extent of the focus on the identity components of the revolutionary realism in the poems of the constitution Era realist two poets. For this reason, the identity components of realism their poetry has been analyzed. The present study findings indicated that Farrokhi Yazdi focused particularly on the branches and components of revolutionary realism and through benefitting from various representations of ritual (Islamic) and national perseverance literature, constitution Era realist poets encourages theire audience to fighting and opposition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Comparative Comparison of Ideology Layers of the Poems by Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini
        fazlollah rezaii erdani
        Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini are famous figures in the constitutional era, whose lives have been linked with events of his age. They fight with their weapons of poetry against oppression and oppression of life and oppression. From the very beginning, they express th More
        Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini are famous figures in the constitutional era, whose lives have been linked with events of his age. They fight with their weapons of poetry against oppression and oppression of life and oppression. From the very beginning, they express their support and support for the constitutional movement, and they express their lyrics. After constitutional movement, they continue to struggle with the elements of internal tyranny and foreign colonialism, and they endure a lot of hardship and suffering, but they do not stop fighting. Finally, Farrokhi is being killed in prison by the hands of our ancestors, and the mystic lives in exile, loneliness and isolation. The main task of the poetry of Farkhi and Arif is the awakening of a mass of people. Their ideology is based on events and time requirements. Most of their poems are related to social and political issues. Comparing their ideological ideas shows that their thoughts are close together. In this research, we try to show the ideological thoughts of these two prominent poets of the Constitutional Revolution in political, social and religious matters with poetical evidence Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The main features of Farrokhi Yazdi's poetry
        mahmoud sadeghzadeh
        Farokhi Yazdi,is mentioned as one of the premier ones of political literature and also one of the humanity poets of constitution period and the first Pahlavi.He imparts of traditional models for the freedom concepts,equation and patriotism.However his fame is because of More
        Farokhi Yazdi,is mentioned as one of the premier ones of political literature and also one of the humanity poets of constitution period and the first Pahlavi.He imparts of traditional models for the freedom concepts,equation and patriotism.However his fame is because of his political odes,his quatrains is also noticeable.The poesy method of Farokhi in most cases is like the method of return;lt means the usual method of poets until the 8'^h century,specially Sadi,that sometimes it 's mixed with the trait of Safavi period. Farokhi's poem from the statement view has two kind of phrase and structures:one,phrases and structures of classic oral;2^n~,new moral phrases and structures.However,because of the necessity of messaging,the constitution period poem hadn't have fiction figures and literary elegances,in the poems of Farokhi and some other premier poets of this period like:Bahar and Eshghi,naturally and because of their profuse zeal,literary elegances andelegance fiction figures is used. Exept them,the main traits of Farokhi Yazdi poem are:newspaper poems and his impression power in his offhand poems,expressing the liberalism ideas,striggling autarchy,nationalism,newquesting,communalsociety,proletarianliterature,suberranen literature,mythology symbols usage and classical methods and the prison poem,that the mentioned cases are considered with analyzing bureau's poems and the Toofan newspapers of him. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Farrokhi poems beyond the revolutional realism
        Parvane Ramezani Reza Jouibari MehrAli Yazdanpanah
        Farrokhi poems beyond the evolutional realism Abstract Realism is one of the most fundamental art school which appeared in the middle of nine tenth century in franc, and developed quickly. some elements like keeping away from fancy and inner inspiration and paying atten More
        Farrokhi poems beyond the evolutional realism Abstract Realism is one of the most fundamental art school which appeared in the middle of nine tenth century in franc, and developed quickly. some elements like keeping away from fancy and inner inspiration and paying attention to realities of life where it’s the most basic elements which attracted poets, writers and artists. At the same time Iranians poems and writers with the constitution list movements payed attention to social affairs and their country’s decadence and arrearages. Constitution era should be considered a turning-point in entrance of poem to people’s life and social’s tendation to realism. Amony the poems of this era, farrokhi Yazdi paid attention to the coun try,s issues with an intense desire to love of freedom and the protection of workers and farmers. The purposes of this research first introducing main elements of realism in farrakhi’s poets and finally the analysis of farrokhi’s poems based on the rules of is that school.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigation of Reformism and Modernism from Farrokhi’s standpoint (1267-1318)
        Mahmood Sadegh zadeh
        The concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and poli More
        The concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and political problems.  Farrokhi Yazdi, considering his political tendencies and his thoughts and his harsh critical style, seriously believed in fundamental reform, revival of ideas and acquisition of western science and technology and in his political fights this has been his constant preoccupation. Thus, the most frequent subject matter in his editorials was concerned with direct criticism against the dogmatic regime, and flimsy parliament, also reform, idealism, and modernism.  As yet not a single research has been done on this aspect.  Attempt is made in this article to criticize and investigate Farrokhi’s viewpoints on Reformation and Modernism based on the result of reviewing and analysis of newspapers, editorials, and his poetry from the following perspectives: A- Obstacles and problems on a way to Constitutionalism, Revolutionary Reforms B- Necessity for Revolutionary Reforms and  influential factors involved C- Modern Approaches and acquisition of western science and technology Manuscript profile