List of Articles فاضلاب بیمارستان

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  1 - Study on Quantity and Quality of Hospital Wastewater in Tehran City in 1385
  Akbar Mokhtari Azar Amir Hesam Hassani Mohammad Reza Khani
  Introduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selecte More

  Introduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selected Tehran hospitals are studied. 14 similar with same basis hospitals are selected, general, specialized and highly specialized hospitals and sanatoriums. from each selected centre, two series of sampling under the form of instantly and mixed forms are taken and qualitative parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), potential of Hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solid (TSS), and total dissolved solid (TDS) were studied. Results: This research results show that average of BOD5 ,COD ,TSS ,TDS ,pH and EC in mix sampling of refined sewage were 42, 86, 54, 768, 7.1, 768 mg/lit and in mix sampling of non-refined sewage was 320, 507, 380, 743, 6.97 and 561 mg/lit accordingly. Minimum and maximum of BOD5 in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 25 and 68, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 281 and 381. Minimum and maximum of COD in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 37 and 113, and for non-refined sewage equal was 419 and 687. Minimum and maximum of TSS in mix sampling for refined sewage equal was 28 and 82, and for non-refined sewage equal 300 and 1309. Minimum and maximum of TDS in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 626 and 857, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 469 and 695. Minimum and maximum of pH in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 6.5 and 7.8, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 5.9 and 7.8. Minimum and maximum of EC in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 398 and 1483, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 481 and 928. In this side average hospital sewages flow in unit research for small hospitals with maximum 400 beds, is calculated 1300 lit/bed/day (l/b/d) and for great hospital with up to1000 beds, is calculated 750 l/b/d. Findings of this research showed, that changes of BOD5 rate with number of hospital section have direct relation and quantities of qualitative parameters in hospital sewage with a little increase is approximately equivalent of those rate in urban sewage. Moreover, findings of research of instant sampling in comparison with mix sampling showed credit and recommendation to use mix sampling. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Evaluating the performance of extended aeration process in treatment of hospital wastewater and determining its kinetic coefficients- Case study: Wastewater Treatment Plant of Quds Hospital in Sanandaj
  Meghdad Pirsaheb Abdollah Dargahi AliAkbar Zinatizadeh Razieh Khamutian Mojgan Mashirpanahi Hafez Golestanifar
  Background and Objective: The most effective issues in biological processes of wastewater treatment are appropriate selection of bio-kinetics issues. Therefore, the goal of this study is to review the operation, to determine the kinetics parameters and to model the biol More

  Background and Objective: The most effective issues in biological processes of wastewater treatment are appropriate selection of bio-kinetics issues. Therefore, the goal of this study is to review the operation, to determine the kinetics parameters and to model the biological process of the activated sludge unit of Qods hospitals wastewater treatment plant in Sanandaj, Iran. Method: This research is a descriptive sectional one which is conducted in the laboratory of Sanandaj wastewater treatment plant during 3 months in the 2011.As a result, a total of 100 samples were taken from raw wastewater, pond aeration, secondary effluent sludge and returned sludge. In each sample, COD, MLSS, TSS, VSS, discharge of raw sewage, F/M (on a daily basis), and BOD5 (two times a week) were measured. Findings: The results from this study showed that the mean BOD5, COD, TSS in the secondary effluent were 39±11.9, 102±23.6 and 53±30 mg/l, respectively, and the mean of kinetics parameters of K, KS, Y, Kd, and µmax were 2.39±0.14, 36.7±5.97, 0.188±0.028, 0.04±0.01 and 0.39±0.017 respectively. Conclusion: Considering the intended goal (determination of kinetic coefficients) the overall efficiency of the activated sludge system was obtained to beinappropriate.   Manuscript profile
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  3 - Survey of amount of removed detergents and organic Materials of hospital wastewater with SBR developed method (case study of Yazd city)
  Bahman Banaiy Ghahfarrokhi Mohamad hassan Ehramposh Parvin Nasiri Asghar Ghasemee Reza Rezaee Javanmardi
  Introduction: There are many different methods for waste water treatment such as Physical, Chemical and Biological and activated sludge process. The most significant aims of waste water treatment include controlling of environmental pollutions, protecting of concinnity More

  Introduction: There are many different methods for waste water treatment such as Physical, Chemical and Biological and activated sludge process. The most significant aims of waste water treatment include controlling of environmental pollutions, protecting of concinnity of environment and controlling of infectious diseases. Among different type of waste water in a society, hospitals’ waste water are very important because of carrying various type of harmful, pathological and infectious micro-organisms and elements. One the harmful elements are detergents which are counted as biological pollutant in biological waste water treatment process. This research was carried out to eliminate detergents and organic material from hospitals’ waste water through developed SBR method with the aim of expressing of designing parameter and improved SBR potential process in order to use in waste water treatment process in hospitals. Methods: This research is experimental - applied study. At first pilot of advanced system was designed which was carried out in a period of 4 months. To chemical analyses 20 waste water samples were taken out from input and output pilot water and BOD, COD, SVI. MLVSS, SVI and detergents parameters were measured according to the suggested standard methods. Results: results in this research indicated that removal percentage of BOD is %95.54, COD%92.97, detergent 84.995 and average rate of mlss is 4327.65 mg/l, mlvss3172.05 mg/l and volume index 113.97 mg/l SVI obtained and average rate of F/M  in this system was 0.0865BOD/kg mlss.d. Conclusion: according to the results obtained from advanced SBR it could be said this method of process treatment has high standard of flexibility against organic and hydraulic shock and was capable to remove BOD, COD and detergents and also it can process the output standards. Also low volume of established sludge and low growth of sulfa bacteria are advantages which cause use of this system in industrial waste waters treatment and competes with other methods of waste water treatment which is an economical and money saving method Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigation of Sewage Treatment Conditions in Guilan Province Hospitals
  Abdolreza Karimi Zahra Rahimi Rashtabadi
  Hospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study More

  Hospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study are to investigate the wastewater treatment and disposal conditions and the effluent quality in Guilan hospitals.In this study, besides the investigation of wastewater management conditions in Guilan hospitals with wastewater treatment plants, the sewage treatment performance was assessed in one of the hospitals. Qualitative indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, total phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and silver in the effluent were assessed and the lab results were compared to the standards of Iran Department of Environment.According to statistical results, 10 out of the 34 studied Guilan hospitals have active wastewater treatment systems. Furthermore, the qualitative assessment showed that pH, COD, BOD5, DO, phosphate, nitrate, silver, total coliform and fecal coliform levels in the hospital conform to the standards of Iran Department of Environment. However, reduction of ammonia and TSS levels should be considered. A number of hospitals in Guilan do not have wastewater treatment plant and their wastewater is discharged into municipal wastewater collection systems or drains. On the other hand, a number of hospitals with wastewater treatment plants do not work properly. Therefore, it is important to consider executive decisions regarding new wastewater treatment technologies and upgrading treatment process in existing wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Hospital Wastewater, Effluent Quality, Wastewater Treatment, Ammonia Manuscript profile
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  5 - ارزیابی ماندگاری آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های بیمارستانی تخلیه شده به رودخانه کارون در بازه اهواز (مطالعه موردی: دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا)
  بیتا باهری ابراهیم رجب زاده قطر می
  با توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتی­بیوتیک­های ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 300 More

  با توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتی­بیوتیک­های ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 3000 متری از خروجی بیمارستان­ها در تابستان و زمستان 1398 بود. نمونه­برداری در بطری­های تیره­ درب سمباده­ای انجام شد و غلظت ۵ آنتی بیوتیک (پنی­سیلین­جی، سفتریاکسون، سفیکسیم، اریترومایسین و آموکسی­سیلین) که از جدول فراوانی پر مصرف­ترین آنها از مقالات مختلف در بیمارستان­ها انتخاب شده بودند با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC سنجش شد. نتایج نشان داد غلظت کلی ۵ آنتی­بیوتیک در مجموع در خروجی بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا بین 27/80- 68/0 نانوگرم در لیتر در تابستان و 49/84-3/6 نانوگرم در لیتر زمستان بود. در تابستان و زمستان ایستگاه خروجی هر دو بیمارستان بالاترین غلظت آنتی­بیوتیک را داشتند و با فاصله گرفتن از محل خروجی بیمارستان و در فاصله 2000 متری، 32/10-56/0 درصد آنتی­بیوتیک همچنان در آب باقی مانده بود. آموکسی سیلین و پنی­سیلین جی به ترتیب در محل تخلیه­ فاضلاب، 1000 و 2000 متری بیشترین و کمترین غلظت آنتی­بیوتیک­ را در آب رودخانه­ی کارون داشتند. در هر دو بیمارستان، درصد بازماندگی آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در دو فصل تابستان و زمستان به جز در مورد پنی­سیلین جی، در سایر آنتی­بیوتیک­ها اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت (05/0<P ). در فاصله­ی 2500 متری فقط بازماندگی آنتی بیوتیک­های سفیکسیم (زمستان هر دو بیمارستان)، سفتریاکسون (زمستان و تابستان هر دو بیمارستان) و پنی سیلین جی (تابستان در بیمارستان امام خمینی) صفر درصد بود که نشان دهنده­ی ماندگاری و خطر زیست محیطی و انسانی بالاتر این دو آنتی­بیوتیک در مقایسه با سه آنتی­بیوتیک دیگر است. مقایسه مقادیر آنتی­بیوتیک­های رودخانه­ی کارون با استانداردهای PNEC و Lowest MIC، نشان داد که مقادیر تمامی انتی­بیوتیک­ها از استانداردهای در نظر گرفته شده، بالاتر بود. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Evaluation of the performance of Hospital Waste Water Treatment with Activated Sludge and Extended Aeration System using Activated Carbon for the Removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin Pesticide
  M. Mamaghanifar L. Yadegarian H. Ghafourian
  Hospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study More

  Hospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of activated sludge with extended aeration system in treatment plants, for removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and provide recommendations for improving the system. In this study six sewage outlet samples were taken before pesticide treatment and after first and second treatments from a hospital with extended aeration activated sludge system. Three samples from each sampling session were transferred into a container containing 0.5g activated carbon, to assess its effect on reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in wastewater. Lambda-cyhalothrin was extracted using QuEChERS method and analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). Finally, by employing SPSS software and using t-test and analysis of variance, at 95% significant level (P≤ 0.05), data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater, before application, was below the limit of the detection and after two consecutive application, level of Lambda-cyhalothrin increased to 27.49 ± 0.086 and 37.56 ± 0.07 ppm, respectively. Using activated carbon treatment, the Lambda-cyhalothrin concentration decreased to 2.22 ± 0.05 and 1.54 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively. Comparing the results with standard levels recommended for pesticides, for drinking water (0.0001ppm) and sewage (0.031 ppm), all samples even after carbon active treatment, had significantly higher levels of Lambda-cyhalothrin at 95% confidence level. This reflects the fact that the extended aeration activated sludge system alone is not a sufficient technique for the removal and reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and to improve the current sewage treatment system, activated carbon can also be one of the options in reducing pesticide concentrations. Manuscript profile