List of Articles غزلیّات حافظ

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  1 - A study of the Types and Methods of Satire in Hafez
  Mahmood Sadeqzadeh,
  Hafez’s satire is social and political, yet it is artistic, subtle, and flexible in interpretation. However, in most cases, it is innocent, noble, deep and elegant, rooted in a logical feeling and understanding, reflected in a regretful smile.  Hafez employs More

  Hafez’s satire is social and political, yet it is artistic, subtle, and flexible in interpretation. However, in most cases, it is innocent, noble, deep and elegant, rooted in a logical feeling and understanding, reflected in a regretful smile.  Hafez employs two general patterns in the structure of his satire: one, the frank social satire, directly criticizing a specific class or group; second, the mediated social satire in which he recklessly introduces himself to be representing a class, complaining about himself, thus reflecting what others are suffering from. Hafez has employed whatever possible method to fight satirically against injustice, corruption, and hypocrisy. Among his major ways of satire, irony, and witticism are: violating the signs and values of the sanctity of the ascetics and Sufis; changing the objects and the words by adoption and accountability; employing literary figures such as ambiguity, euphemism, simile, and antithesis; irony, kenning, and sometimes epigrams for the beloved in the form of questions and answers and repartee; satire in the form of an advice;  panegyric writing and responsibility seeking; employing public culture and colloquialism. On the whole, Hafez’s satire is sometimes deep and sarcastic and sometimes superficial and tender which are going to be analyzed and illustrated in this paper.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Study of Metaphors in Hafez Shirazi’s Sonnets: A Cognitive Linguistics - Approach
  Hossein sadeghi mahmood abbasi javad shirvani
  In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not generally a linguistic or specifically a literary phenomenon. But it is a cognitive and mental one through which what we see in language is a mere representation. In fact, literary and aesthetic metaphors are just subcategories More

  In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not generally a linguistic or specifically a literary phenomenon. But it is a cognitive and mental one through which what we see in language is a mere representation. In fact, literary and aesthetic metaphors are just subcategories of metaphors. The present research is an attempt to study different types of metaphors in Hafez Shirazi’s poems based on cognitive linguistics. To carry out the study, first of all the sonnets were scrutinized and then instances of ontological, structural, and directional metaphors were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study revealed that the poet had used these metaphors with the frequency of 77.85%, 15.24%, and 6.91% respectively. Furthermore, the study showed that the poet had used love, mystic, rougish, eulogical, and philosophical mappings in stating ontological metaphors. he had used right, inside, outside, niche, high, front, down, base, head, and far directions to convey directional metaphors. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Examples of Theory of Well-being in Hafez's Ghazals Based on Seligman's Positive Psychology
  maryam Safari Mohammad Ali Gozashti shirin kooshki Ashraf Shibaniaghdam
  10.30495/mmlq.2023.703839
  Martin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four chara More

  Martin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four character strengths form its foundation. The aim of the current research is to study comparatively the indicators of Seligman's well-being theory in Hafez's ghazals using analytical-descriptive method. The research findings indicate that both literary and mystical works and positive psychology share common goals. These goals include finding satisfaction from the past, harboring hope for the future, and obtaining happiness in the present, all with the aim of personal growth and flourishing. Hafez's worldview, influenced by the conditions of his time, emphasizes the significance of happiness and love as essential elements in healing humanity. Consequently, his message transcends time and location, remaining relevant across different eras. Throughout Hafez's ghazals, the elements of Seligman's well-being theory manifest themselves, further emphasizing their compatibility. This interdisciplinary research provides a platform for comparing Hafez's and Seligman's perspectives on happiness. Manuscript profile