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  1 - Critical Discourse Analysis of Chicago by Alaa Aswani based on Norman Fairclough's theory
  ولی بهاروند نعیم عموری پروین خلیلی
  10.30495/cls.2022.1971859.1378
  The critical discourse analysis is one of the new trends examining the social dimensions of discourse. In this approach, discourse is examined in the context of the social situation contained in the text. One of its pioneers is Norman Fairclough, whose interest in criti More

  The critical discourse analysis is one of the new trends examining the social dimensions of discourse. In this approach, discourse is examined in the context of the social situation contained in the text. One of its pioneers is Norman Fairclough, whose interest in critical discourse analysis is related to language and society. This approach is based on three levels: description, Interpretation and explanation. Chicago novel is one of the most famous modern Egyptian ones by Alaa al-Aswani, which discusses Egyptian issues in a premodern context. In this article, we examine the critical analysis of Alaa al-Aswani's novel "Chicago" based on three levels of Norman Fairclough's theory in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results show that words and structures such as; pronouns and adverbs,and the type of news and composition sentences play an important role in the novel's discourse and events. The level of Interpretation, the context of the discourse and the type of ideology in the text show us that Aswani criticizes colonial countries such as the United States and the dictatorial regime of Egypt, and points out that Egypt is the center of a great civilization. The author reflects on the level of domination and ideology in the text, and the most important ideology in this novel is the critique of US intervention in the Middle East and Egypt, as well as the dictatorial regime of Hosni Mubarak supported by the United States. He also discusses other issues such as; Westernization of intellectuals, racism, dictatorship, poverty, and authoritarianism . Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Study on Chicago Novel by Alaa Al-Aswany Based on Big Reality Theory by György Lukács
  Mahmoud Reza Tavakkoli Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Azarshab
  Numerous ideas and theories on literature have been studied in contemporary era. Many theorists of this field believe in the relationship between literature and other sciences specifically social sciences, psychologies and political sciences. György Lukács w More

  Numerous ideas and theories on literature have been studied in contemporary era. Many theorists of this field believe in the relationship between literature and other sciences specifically social sciences, psychologies and political sciences. György Lukács was affected by Marxist ideas and thoughts of Karl Marx and propounded literature’s social criticism. According to this theory in the studying process, the attention shouldn’t be paid exclusively from its literary viewpoint, but also the critic of the literary work should study the literary work in order to discover the relationship between literature and society. Lukács’s theory is based on form and content criticism and he determines some criteria for it: social content, sample, reality and cause and effect relation. Lukács called reality in his theory “Big Reality” in this field and some characteristics proposed for it: actual reality or victory of reality, critical reality and literature publicity. The present research which is based on descriptive – analytical method, intends to study “Chicago” novel by Alaa Al-Aswany – contemporary Egyptian author – based on Lukács’s “Big Reality” theory and describe his success. The results show Al-Aswany could study some social issues relating Egyptian intellectuals who live abroad (Egypt); but he interferes his own viewpoints and ideologies and kept aloof of what Lukács calls “Big Reality”. Manuscript profile