List of Articles سیاستگذاری شهری

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  1 - Evaluation of policies of the Islamic city council in the field of urban planning and architecture of Shiraz city from the perspective of sustainable development
  Abdoljalil Sharifi mohammdali shariari Nafiseh Vaez,
  10.30495/juepd.2023.1983407.1186
  Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to More

  Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic City Council of Shiraz in the field of urban planning and architecture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research method was descriptive-survey, using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and heads of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts) and university professors familiar with the research topic (academic experts). The sample size was calculated to be 113 individuals using Morgan's table. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The study's findings indicated that for evaluating the urban policies of the Islamic Council, the Hagoort and Gunn model (1984) consisting of 5 dimensions of issue identification, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation can be used. To measure these dimensions, 19 components related to urban policy-making were identified based on the opinions of academic and executive experts in the field of urban planning. The results showed that at a significance level of less than 0.05, the dimensions and components related to urban policy-making were significant. The results also indicated that the status of the dimensions and components of the Islamic Council's urban policies was evaluated as average. The Friedman test results for ranking the dimensions and components of policy-making showed that among the dimensions, issue identification and among the components, the delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council obtained the highest rank. The results of the one-sample t-test also indicated that the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of urban planning and architecture policies was less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council pertained to the consultation and legal supervision of the urban planning department and its affiliated units with a score of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the best performance pertained to consultation and approval of regulations and decisions in the field of architecture with a score of 0.705.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In the current climate of urban expansion and urbanization, the Islamic city councils are important civil governance institutions that are responsible for realizing the rights of citizens in the urban area. The city council as a decision-making institution for urban development is more important today than ever before. The importance of councils in the administration of affairs is so great that in the decentralization system of governments where political and administrative power has been transferred to the provincial, urban, and rural levels, councils have significant importance (Tavakliniya and Noor Mohammadi, 2012). It is said that the main purpose of forming the Islamic City Council is to rapidly advance urban development programs through the cooperation and participation of the people, therefore, in Iran, councils find an existential philosophy as one of the institutions that supervise the performance of the public sector (Pirmozen, 2008). Islamic city councils are defined as the main guide of urban activities to realize the management of the urban unit. Therefore, according to the constitution and the approved law of Islamic councils dated (1375), the main task of urban management is assigned to the Islamic councils of the city, whose representatives are elected by the people (Nowrozi Far, 1380).Therefore, because of the aforementioned contents and the lack of research that evaluates the urban policy of the Islamic City Council from the perspective of sustainable development, and because sustainable development emphasizes qualitative and human criteria more than any other criterion, Therefore, to achieve a real stable situation in cities, it is necessary to develop policies to achieve sustainable cities. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the urban policies of the Shiraz Islamic Council (as a study) from the perspective of sustainable development, so that appropriate suggestions can be made from the results of such research to promote urban development.Methodology:This research is applied research in terms of nature and purpose. The descriptive-analytical research method and the research strategy used are quantitative. In this research, an attempt is made to use the positivist method in a theoretical framework and to analyze the research problem by using survey and field methods, considering the application of quantitative problems. The statistical population of the research consists of the managers and supervisors of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts), which according to the available statistics include 138 people, as well as university professors familiar with the subject of the research (academic experts), of which 25 people were identified by the researcher. And as a result, the size of the statistical population reached 163 people. Random sampling method was used for sampling from the mentioned population and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size, and the results showed that the required sample is 113 people. Also, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are designed and developed based on the components proposed in the research model (19 questions) and are used to collect data from the studied community after confirming validity and reliability.Results and discussion:After distributing 113 questionnaires among the members of the studied community, finally, 102 valid questionnaires (90% return rate) were obtained for analysis, and the information description of the received questionnaires showed: in terms of gender, nearly 57% (with a frequency of 58 people) of the answers The research respondents are women and about 43% (with a frequency of 44 people) of the respondents are men. Therefore, most of the research respondents are women. In terms of service history, the findings showed that 4.9% (with a frequency of 5 people) had less than 5 years, 41.1% (with a frequency of 42 people) between 5 and 10 years, 53.9% (with a frequency of 55 people ) have between 10 and 15 years of service experience. Therefore, most of the respondents have between 5 and 15 years of work experience (95%). Regarding the level of education, the results showed that 21.5% (with a frequency of 23 people) had a bachelor's degree and 78.4% (with a frequency of 80 people) had a master's degree or higher. Therefore, the absolute majority of respondents have a master's degree or higher. In terms of the type of employment, the results showed that 53.9% of the respondents have formal employment, 42% have contractual employment and the rest have contractual employment.Also, the result of the T-Tech exam indicates the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of policies in the field of urban planning and architecture at a level of less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council was related to the index of consulting and exercising legal supervision over the deputy of urban planning and its affiliated units with a value of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the index of consulting and approving regulations and approvals in the field of architecture was with a value of 3.705.Conclusion:The findings of the research showed that to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic Council of Shiraz from the perspective of sustainable development, it is possible to use the Hogwood and Gann (1984) stage model consisting of 5 dimensions of problem identification, policy formulation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was found that 19 components were used to measure the aforementioned dimensions according to the opinion of academic and executive experts in the urban area. Also, the results showed that at a significance level of 5%, 5 dimensions and 19 components related to them cannot be rejected. The ranking of the dimensions and components also indicated that among the dimensions that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest rank is related to problem diagnosis and among the components that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest ranks were respectively related to the components of the amount of delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council of the city and attention to urban diplomacy. The final result indicates the average policy situation of Shiraz Islamic Council. In this context, their policies and performance in the field of urban planning and architecture have also been significant. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Urban policy in the field of wicked problems
  Rahim Sarvar Mohammad Ali Khaliji
  Urban systems are complex probabilistic systems, and most of their problems, despite their simplicity, are complex and multifaceted problems rooted in political, historical, geographical, and economic structures over time. Therefore, rethinking the way of looking at urb More

  Urban systems are complex probabilistic systems, and most of their problems, despite their simplicity, are complex and multifaceted problems rooted in political, historical, geographical, and economic structures over time. Therefore, rethinking the way of looking at urban issues and their correct policy-making is one of the issues that need to be considered. The main purpose of this article, while introducing the nature of complex issues, is to provide tested frameworks for their policy-making. The research method is documentary-analytical and its findings show that according to theoretical findings and practical experiences in most countries and cities, effective methods for solving complex problems of an expanding art that is very important in urban management. Therefore, paying attention to the policy frameworks enumerated in this study, along with paying attention to the capacities of good urban governance, will provide a reassuring basis for the correct and redefining of urban issues and their successful policy-making.Extended Abstract Introduction The most important and perhaps the most fundamental issue in the public policy process is problematics. It is necessary to identify and examine the issue from there whether the existing issue is a public issue and whether it can be included in the agenda of policy makers? It is important because if an issue is not properly identified and for various reasons, including personal and group interests, is preferred to more important and influential public issues, or if it is misunderstood, it will not only affect the effectiveness of the policy system. It will also affect future policies; Because misunderstanding the issue affects its policy and will not produce the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary to study the process in which the issue is identified and placed on the policy agenda. Today, due to various reasons that will be mentioned below, most issues in the field of urban management and policy-making are not of the type of easy issues but of the type of seemingly easy but very complex issues that require recognition and analysis. And numerous analyzes are far from superficial, perhaps one reason for the complexity and then the unresolved many problems in urban centers and their simplification areas and the superficial approaches in providing problem-solving solutions, which often lead to The name of the problem is malignant or complicated. This article seeks to answer the question of what issues include urban policy in the field of complex issues and what is the solution?The term "malignant or complicated" is not used in this article to mean sinister, but as a subject that is difficult to resolve. The term was coined by HVG Rittel and MM Weber, both urban planning specialists at the University of California, Berkeley in 1973. In a crucial article, the two stated that the whole range of social planning issues can not be optimally examined with traditional linear and analytical approaches. They called these issues "complicated" issues and compared them to "easy" issues. Easy problems are not necessarily simple, they can even be technically very complex, but the problem can be precisely defined and a relatively immediate solution can be found. The initial emphasis of the literature on complex issues was on the design of systems at the "micro" level, but this concept was gradually applied to macro-socio-economic policy issues (Ballard, 2006). It is difficult to define complex issues precisely. The nature and scope of the problem depends on who we discuss it with, that is, different stakeholders have different perceptions of the nature of the problem. Often, there is an element of truth in every perception of policy-making. No impression is complete or definitively true or false. The discussion of the causes, scope, and strategies for controlling air pollution is a good example. Complex issues are highly interdependent and often have multiple causes. Often in a wide-ranging problem, there are goals that are internally conflicting. For example, there is a conflict between the goal of protecting privacy lands with the aim of transferring some of the disturbing urban uses to the privacy zone, or between providing informal housing services to control their growth. Interdependence, multiple causes, and internal conflict of goals related to complex issues have made it difficult to define them precisely. Disagreements among stakeholders often indicate different emphasis on different causal factors. Successful and successful review of complex policy issues usually involves a range of coherent and related responses, and given their multifaceted nature, this review often requires reconciliation between conflicting goals.MethodologyThe main approach of the research is based on documentary study and analytical method. The statistical population of the research includes scientific and research articles that are indexed and accessible in the field of public policy and complex issues. Then, focusing on urban policy in the field of complex issues, to extract the required data from the content analysis method, which included information including research topic and issue, researcher expertise, data analysis methods and techniques and the form or pattern studied. This study is qualitative and provides a clear assessment of key aspects of the public policy framework.Results and discussionIt is difficult to effectively solve complex policy issues using traditional methods used in the public sector. Traditional political thinking shows that the best way to solve a problem is to follow a regular linear process in which it ends with "addressing the problem and finding a solution. This process usually begins with understanding and defining the problem. This requires the collection and analysis of data and other evidence and consultation with stakeholders. Once the issue has been identified and the evidence and opinions of the stakeholders have been analyzed, a preferred one can be selected from the options. Outcomes and Outputs Identified, Execution Plans Designed, and Execution Objectives Identified It is often assumed that the more complex the issue, the more important it is to follow this flow regularly. However, the works and writings agree that the traditional linear approach to policy-making is not a good way to address complex policy issues. This is because part of the complexity of the issue lies in the interactions between causal factors, conflicting political goals, and disagreements about the appropriate solution. Linear thinking is not appropriate and cannot include such interaction and complexity. The weakness of the linear approach stems from the social complexity of complex issues. The truth is that a proper understanding of the issue usually requires the views of multiple organizations and stakeholders, and a package of measures known as social solutions usually requires that the participation, commitment and cooperation of multiple organizations and stakeholders be properly addressed. Solving complex problems requires clever thinking rather than linear thinking. It is thinking that is able to understand the main issue, such as the interrelationships between the full range of causal factors and policy objectives. Due to the nature of complex issues, our understanding of them is incomplete, so the scope of the initial planning, which is too narrow and limited, may lead us to not pay attention to the main point in solving the complex issue. "In solving complex problems and issues, there is always the possibility that their solution is too limited.ConclusionThe key issue is how to reach the common understanding that "the starting point is the participation of all stakeholders, including the public, public and private sectors, and civic institutions." The argument of all the works and theories of urban management and planning (participatory planning, communication theory, regionalism theory, good governance model, etc.) related to this field is that achieving "sustainable behavior change" is partial. The latest and highest level of trust and the development of government-citizen relations are essential for the effective resolution of complex issues. Achieving sustainable behavior change is usually a key component of solving complex problems because it is well established that the government can not expect change among different segments of citizens just by passing a law, preparing instructions, developing a plan, issuing a circular, and so on. There are many issues such as managerial divisions, diversity of laws, the growth of informal settlements, land grabbing, spatio-social segregation, the growth of poverty colonies, the growth of polluting industries, the continuation of migration, and the continuation of the housing problem and ... It requires evaluating the effectiveness and effectiveness of the policies and measures that have been implemented and evaluating the laws and policies that should have been implemented in order to approach the new areas of analysis and problem solving. Realize and change the way we look at how to manage issues and spaces from the national to the local level Manuscript profile
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  3 - New patterns of space organization in improving the quality of urban architecture ;a new step in urban policy(case study: Mashhad)
  melika alizadeh hasan abadi maryam gharavi al khansari mohammadbagher kabir saber mehdi jabbari nooghabi
  Making a high-quality space requires an integrated logical organizing approach. Here, fruitful use of the capacities of digital technology and data becomes so significant. Moreover, communication between urban patterns and architecture is another significant feature of More

  Making a high-quality space requires an integrated logical organizing approach. Here, fruitful use of the capacities of digital technology and data becomes so significant. Moreover, communication between urban patterns and architecture is another significant feature of integrated urban policy making. Considering the issue, this mixed applied study was done to identify effective pattern processes using digital technology and to introduce a model of them. At the first stage, using thematic analysis method, different researches were explored to identify the components, criteria, and indicators of the patterns. Moreover, a questionnaire was designed by using the mutual effects of the indicators. Then, the questionnaire was answered by five available experts. At the second stage of thematic analysis, AHP method and expert choice were used. The prioritized results and sub-criteria of all indices were analyzed by the experts based on Likert scale. Then, to implement these components through the criteria and indices, by applying logical conclusions and Salingaros’ new presented complementary patterns for the solution of urban challenges, we identified effective patterns processes and tested the proposed structure for District 1 of Mashhad as a case. The major innovation of this study is using a specific method that resulted in the realization of complementary patterns and the explanation of pattern processes of space organization regarding socio-cultural components and space creativity using digital technology, 10 criteria, and 16 indices. Moreover, it depicted clearly the usability of effective patterns by the use of 21 palpable pattern relationships. The result is the expansion, adaptation, and strengthening of the language of patterns that are used in urban architecture. It also makes high quality link structures that would help the integration and improvement of urban architecture and structure. Accordingly, the important role of modern spatial developments in designing and developing urban policies are confirmed. It also shows the effectiveness and the necessity of proposed pattern processes, taking into account the current condition of District 1 of Mashhad Manuscript profile
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  4 - Urban policy to optimize energy consumption with regard to natural ventilation (Case study: optimal orientation of residential buildings based on the angles included in the detailed plan of Shiraz city)
  Tahereh Nasr Arash Bostanian
  In recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sus More

  In recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sustainable architecture, is the consideration of solar energy in buildings, but a lot of attention to solar energy has unfortunately caused that to some extent other renewable energies such as Wind energy and its significant impact on natural ventilation are passively neglected. Paying attention to this case can be taken into consideration by the officials in order to pay attention to the optimization of energy consumption in urban policy making. One of the effective solutions in this field is the use of natural ventilation in residential buildings, determining a suitable direction for creating blinds and receiving wind with positive pressure and benefiting from this influential climatic element in the interior spaces of the building. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and simulate natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings in Shiraz using Vasari energy simulation software, and parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, wind temperature, and other influencing factors were investigated. and be analyzed. According to the results of the simulation and examination of the twenty-year average of the climatic indicators of Shiraz city, it can be said that if the issues related to natural ventilation and the creation of blinds in the building are considered and the optimal orientation angle can be obtained from solar energy and Also, use wind energy to reduce the load on the building's mechanical facilities throughout the year. that the optimization of energy consumption has been done and in the scale of residential buildings in the metropolis of Shiraz, it can lead to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to a significant extent. Manuscript profile