List of Articles زه‌آب

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  1 - Optimization of Drainage Design Parameters with the Aim of Reducing Environmental Damage in Steady-State C onditions
  Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh Rahime Zadesh Pargo Peyman Daneshkar Arasteh
  10.22034/jest.2019.10727
  Background and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design varia More

  Background and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design variables can lead to reducing the environmental damage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for selecting optimal design parameters for underground drainage systems to reduce environmental damage, in a way that after the discharge of drainage to the river, river salinity concentration does not exceed the acceptable limit. Method: For this purpose, maximization of difference between drainage water salinity and acceptable limit was considered as the objective function. Genetic Algorithm (GA), kind of evolutionary algorithm, has been used to simulate the transmission and the salt Hooghoudt model was used also. In Hooghoudt model water transition to drainage is modeled in two upper and lower individual part. In order to evaluate the proposed model, an agro-industrial unit Salman Farsi was chosen as case study. Matlab software was employed to program the formula and algorithm which has been used in this research, including Hooghoudt salinity transfer simulation function and GA algorithm optimization. Findings: Results show that the pipe depth is complying with minimum allowable depth. In other words, since the objective function of the model is to achieve minimal environmental damage, the minimum depth of installation is generally chosen. Optimum diameter, insertion depth and spacing have been obtained 1.3, 0.1 and 34.3 respectively. The results of the sensitivity of the model to change of the two basic assumptions, minimum allowable depth and stabilize the water table depth stabilizing, shows by increasing the allowable minimum depth of installation, drainage spacing increases and reducing the depth of the water table stabilizing will increase the drainage intervals and leads to increasing the concentration of drainage water discharged to the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study and by using information about the Salman Farsi agro-industry company, to reduce the environmental damage caused by drainage projects, installation depth of drainage should be equal to the minimum allowable depth. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Evaluating the Drainage Process of Agricultural Lands in Golestan Province based on Agricultural Drainage Reuse
  Mahdi Mardanifar Mahmoud Ansar Marzieh Parvar دنیائی Donyaii Seyed Erfan Hosseini
  Conservation of water and soil resources in Iran is one of the most important issues in the field of water, agriculture and food security. In this research, a practical example of the results of pilot implementation of a subsurface drainage plan in Karimabad village, Go More

  Conservation of water and soil resources in Iran is one of the most important issues in the field of water, agriculture and food security. In this research, a practical example of the results of pilot implementation of a subsurface drainage plan in Karimabad village, Gorgan, was investigated. This project includes 100-hectare subsurface drainage using 100 mm diameter PVC pipes with 50 m intervals for laterals and 200 mm in diameter of collectors as well as concrete manholes with 800 mm internal diameter. In this study, while evaluating before and after the implementation of the project, the results were recorded. The results showed that the yield of wheat, paddy, cotton and canola increased by 12%, 36%, 28% and 39% respectively, after the project implementation. In addition, the possibility of second cultivation will be provided for farmers followed by the disappearance of wetlands in agricultural lands at the end of project. Moreover, the effect of groundwater draining on the effluent quality will provide the possibility of reusing irrigation drains and reducing the groundwater discharge, which will be very effective in reducing water stress in the region. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Study on improving living conditions of rural watershed for residents from the tourism and Eco-tourism projects
  Mona Tariverdi Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Jalal Mahmoudi
  Protection of natural resources such as forest, grassland is essential and should with all emprise. With regard to sustainable tourism can be a good tool to create the appropriate fields of economy such as income and employment, and can be relied on natural tourism. Thi More

  Protection of natural resources such as forest, grassland is essential and should with all emprise. With regard to sustainable tourism can be a good tool to create the appropriate fields of economy such as income and employment, and can be relied on natural tourism. This study aimed to examine the positive and negative effects of tourism and Eco-tourism development on the conservation status of the watershed. The watershed covers an area of 14102 hectares in the basin of Northern Alborz (49) is located in the southern heights Chamestan section. The study population of indigenous people, tourists and the sample size was determined based on the formula 220. For this purpose, after field studies 3 3 questionnaire on the level of experts, locals and tourists on a Likert scale was prepared, sampling methods in this study was based on random sampling. Variables using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficients were analyzed. The results showed that the success of tourism projects and partnerships between local residents and tourism projects and improve the livelihood of the residents of the study area. Manuscript profile