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        1 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women During the Qajar
        BIZHAN Parvan maghsoodali Sadeghi
        Abstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to More
        Abstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women during the Qajar Period in Northern Khurasan
        maghsoodali sadeghi bijan parvan
        In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off ta More
        In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. The manifestation of this issue in northern Khurasan is only a small sample of the unjust situation that existed regarding this issue during those times throughout the whole country; an issue that is referred to as human trafficking or the trade of humans in this day and age.   Manuscript profile