Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societ More
Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societies – dark age and Abbasid era. The present article shows that “Lamiya Al Arab” is rather an artistic image of ethics of the dark society by Shanfara but “Lamiya Al Ajam” is the mirror of religious trainings and common proverbs of Toqraee’s era and proves the priority of Toqraee’s poetry on Shanfara epics.
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Numerous biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been developed in plants to fight against salt stress namely, change in the content of osmolytes, enhancement of phenolic compounds, and supporting photosynthetic activity. These mechanisms lead to products and processe More
Numerous biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been developed in plants to fight against salt stress namely, change in the content of osmolytes, enhancement of phenolic compounds, and supporting photosynthetic activity. These mechanisms lead to products and processes which improve the tolerance to salinity. Since there is no significant research on the resistance mechanisms of the species Salsola dendroides pall and Limonium reniforme (Girard) Lincz., some of these physiological changes in the aforementioned plants were investigated under natural stresses during different seasons to study their tolerance mechanism. To this end, plants were randomly collected from Incheboron area, north of Gorgan with four replicates during spring, summer, and autumn. Results showed that with increased temperature and salinity in summer, chlorophyll pigment contents significantly decreased in both Salsola dendroides and Limonium reniforme species. Soluble sugars content significantly increased in shoots and roots of Salsola dendroides in spring compared with other seasons while soluble sugars content in Limonium reniforme was higher in summer in comparison with spring. In summer, flavonoid contents significantly increased in shoots and roots of both species compared with other seasons. Anthocyanin content significantly changed with the change in seasons, while the highest anthocyanin contents were observed in shoots and roots of Salsola dendroides and Limonium reniforme in summer and autumn, respectively. Most of these changes were associated with activation of physiological and biochemical processes which allow the plants to adapt to saline conditions.
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This study was examined arsenic tolerance in Phragmites australis L, common reed. We collected plants from five contaminated stations in Chelpo-Kashmar, northeast Iran. Determination of As, Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn was done by atomic absorption spectrometry on the prepared sam More
This study was examined arsenic tolerance in Phragmites australis L, common reed. We collected plants from five contaminated stations in Chelpo-Kashmar, northeast Iran. Determination of As, Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn was done by atomic absorption spectrometry on the prepared samples. All parts of common reed had efficiencies for removal As from contaminated soils. Maximum accumulation in shoot and roots of common reed was 6.82 and 23.56 mg Kg-1 respectively. Arsenic accumulated mainly in roots of common reed and only minor amount of As translocated to shoot. In P. australis accumulation model followed as this order Root>Rhizome>Stem>leave. In this study following As increment, uptake of K and Fe increased while Ca and Mg didn’t significantly different in contrast to control plants among stations. Root accumulation model similarity between Fe and As and increment 4 and 13.5 times of Fe in root and shoots of contaminated plants in contrast to control plants suggested that Fe play a key role in As detoxification in this plant. Common reed has a good potential to be used for removing As from polluted environment.
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Nowadays, in the linguistics of socialization, new aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior are discussed, such as patience and tolerance in the face of different thoughts and unpleasant / Inappropriate speech of the speaker for the listener. Russian linguists have equ More
Nowadays, in the linguistics of socialization, new aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior are discussed, such as patience and tolerance in the face of different thoughts and unpleasant / Inappropriate speech of the speaker for the listener. Russian linguists have equated patience with tolerance, while patience has a positive semantic dimension and tolerance has a negative dimension. The concepts of patience and tolerance have received less attention from Iranian linguists. Mostly, the moral and religious aspects of these concepts have been of interest to Iranians. The problem of the present study is how to have an environment with peace in associating with other cultures? This question arises both in the intercultural relationship and in the relationship between different and diverse cultures. The goal is to find ways to avoid the formation of an aggressive social environment. The importance of the subject is because the research findings can help maintain the relationship between speakers of different verbal and behavioral cultures. Today, cultural differences are among the social and global values. The research method in the present study is library research and descriptive research.
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