List of Articles بحران داخلی

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  1 - The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and the Islamic Awakening in Bahrain
  Majid Abbasi Hassan Hassani
  Bahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its ind More

  Bahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its independence. Therefore, when the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council was established in 1981, the country due to structural deficiencies and especially the lack of democracy became the membership of the council. The main purpose to joining the PGCC was to protect the country from the threats. This research by using descriptive-explanatory method to examine the causes of the internal crisis in Bahrain in 2011. The main objective of this research is to investigate the reasons of entering and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and its policies in this crisis. The results indicate that, since the public uprising in Bahrain started, the council has tried policies such as sent rapid reaction forces, support of government, Media campaign against opponents and alleged dependence of oppositions to Iran, support government and preserve the status quo in Bahrain. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
  Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin Ansari
  Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in More

  Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever  Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism   is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied.      Manuscript profile