الشعر العربی

Open Access Article

1 - Organic unity and Applied review of ode Altomanyneh Mikhaeel Noaimeh
Zinah Erfatpoor Mohammad Khosravi Chitgar

In the modern era, under the  influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken  about Organic  Unity in Arabic ode But many  researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it mean More

In the modern era, under the  influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken  about Organic  Unity in Arabic ode But many  researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it means the ode become confined  to an Personal experience or a feeling and while they study it in the poetry they are amaze between logical unity and the unity of subject .So this essay express the concept of Organic unity and the unity of subject and the logical unity at contemporary Arabic poetry critics and schools and then the Organic Unity of the ode Altomanyneh of Mikhaeel Noaimeh that the Just to see what elements are applied to the organic unity between the components of the ode until the Organic unity is achieved. Manuscript profile

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2 - The Victory Vocabulary in Al – Asf Al – Makoul
Jahad yousef Ibrahim Al Arja Abdollah Yadollahi Farsani

The present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and t More

The present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and triumph in Quran and ancient poetries. In fact these lexicons divide into two parts: first the old words such as victory, triumph and so on and the other are the new ones which the Palestinian poet has apply them in order to depict the war and combat scenes such as missile, explosion, destroy and so on. Manuscript profile

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3 - Call for Prophets Character and its Semantic Evolution in Palestine's Resistance Poetry
Mohammad Hassan Amraei

Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvi More

Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvish could achieve all in the past and reach the present and future status. He expresses his constructive emotions in order to create ideal and dreamy future. The present paper studies the selective and called prophets and expresses symbolic and semantic reasons of these religious characters which have been introduced by Mahmoud Darvish. Manuscript profile

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4 - A Research on Love and Motherland's Image in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries
Sakineh Saremi Geravi Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi

Romanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of thi More

Romanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of this school. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are well known and capable Iraqi poets who both are pioneers in romanticism and homeland, love, nostalgia and homesickness are the obvious and apparent elements in their poetries. The mentioned elements express sadness and grief in their poetries and some assumptions are presented in this article: 1- Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are civil romanticism followers. 2- Geographical travel and escaping the living town to reach the hometown is obvious in their works. The aim of the present paper is to recover the method of romanticism's basics and fundamentals as well as expressing the similarities and differences of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries with analytical – descriptive method to prove the abovementioned assumptions. Manuscript profile

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5 - Hafez and Sayyid Qutb
Jahangir Amiri Mohammad Fareqi Shad

In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with More

In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with Hafez’s and started praising him. This made him tend toward mystical poetries and being affected by Hafez, his poetry and his poetry. He knows Hafez’s as spiritual factor for Arabic poetry which rescues the poems of today’s philosophical and logical storm. Love in Sayyid Qutb’s poems exists so deep which mortal loves are not counted. The present paper studies common poetic concepts of Hafez and Sayyid Qutb’s poetries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparison of the prophet job’s mask between Mahmud Darvish and Badr Shaker Sayyab
firouz harirchi saeedeh birjandi

Abstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists More

Abstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists in the Quran. This character is a symbol of patience. Darvish and Sayyab are the most important poets who used the mask of this character.  Each of them used this character to express a special experience. Darvish Who suffered from occupying his country and getting refugee, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. Also, Sayyab Who suffered from his illness and pain, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. However, their ways differ in how to apply this mask in poems of these two poets. Each of them has some traits of this character that are relevant to their own mental conditions. Manuscript profile

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7 - Modernity Manifestations in Amal Donqol's poetry
Hossein Elyasi Ali Akbar Moradian Qobadi

Title is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the More

Title is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the poet text and the verses only proof the title. Following the traditions is one of the most important techniques that a poet applies it in his poetry and makes his poet more active. The present paper studies the applied techniques in Amal Donqol's poetries in order to clarify this strategy's role in the poets' text and in depicting the poet's feelings and emotions. Manuscript profile

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8 - External sources of Jibran Khalil Jibran's view to death
Habib Keshavarz

Death is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran More

Death is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran Khalil Jibran is one of these literati who have spoken a lot about death in his poems and prose and his view of this phenomenon is different from the view of the ancestors. Jibran who is one of the most famous literati of the northern mahjar and one of the members of Al-Rabeta Al-Qalamiya. In his view, in addition to his personality traits and the death of his sister and mother, he was also influenced by Western literati and schools including Nietzsche, Edgar Allan Poe and William Blake, and the school of Romantic and Romantic literati. He loved death, which was one of the influences of the Romantic school. He felt homesick in this world and believed that death would eliminate this homelessness, save man, and heal him. Manuscript profile

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9 - Of Holy Quran The Influeance And Hadith narrated from the Prophet and Ahl' Al- Beit in Mortaza's Hosseinian elegies.
Mohammad Esmaiel Zadeh

    Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein.    Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these More

    Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein.    Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura, he defended Shi'as basic thoughts and its ideals.    He has grown under the care of his mother Fatemah, in religious and shiites family. He learned the holy Quran by heart at period of infancy and learned the religious sciences.   We don't surprise that observe the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. In this paper, will be discussed the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. Manuscript profile

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10 - Reform in Al – Rassafi’s Poetry
علی نظری یونس ولیئی سیدمرتضی طباطبایی

The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-19 More

The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-1945) was well – known in cultural and literary fields. His poetry is about social problems such as people’s poverty, ignorance and unawareness, superstition under the religion cover, lack of democracy especially for women. He was committed to political issues and biased about the Ottoman’s corruption and Britain’s occupation and tried to aware people against the Britain’s goals. He invited people to peace and calmness, brotherhood and cooperation and humanity. Manuscript profile

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11 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba Behrouzi

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way More

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Poetry Image application in Omar Abu Risha Poetries
Abbas Yadollahi

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts More

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts and opinions such as Muslim nations' expectations especially Syrian people. The most important and common images are: repetition, opposition, dictation and exclamation. These poetry images were usually different from their main meanings and imply a second meaning. The conclusion of the present research is that such depictions added value to the poets' works in a way that his works are more distinguished than others'. Manuscript profile

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13 - The politic and social issues of Iraq in the poems of Adnan Al_Sayegh
Raheleh Mahmoodi Seyyed Mohammad reza Ebn o rasool

Adnan Al_Sayegh is one of the dominant poets of the war who is belong to 80 decade of Iraq. He spent a lot of his time in challenging with death in war time and because of this he is very averse of it. He has several collects of poems and most of the subjects of his poe More

Adnan Al_Sayegh is one of the dominant poets of the war who is belong to 80 decade of Iraq. He spent a lot of his time in challenging with death in war time and because of this he is very averse of it. He has several collects of poems and most of the subjects of his poems are about  political and social issues in Iraq. He is the most complete instance of current poem in Iraq. He writes free poem and some of his poems alternates between poem and free poem. The way of research in this one is descriptive-analyzing, because it survey the poems of Adnan Al_Sayegh and find the thoughts pearl from its poems sea, and after that it presents a politic and social analyze from it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Thinking about Death and its manifestation in Samih Ghasem works
Hamed Sedghi Rasool Zare'

Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his More

Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his hometown fellows and causes changing in their view point on death. This article has been done in descriptive – analytic method and focused on his poetry. At last we have found out that death has two aspects from his point of view: intuitive and calculated. Then studied this phenomenon from political, national and ethnic aspects and decoded the aesthetic view about death and expressing its realities. Manuscript profile

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15 - Opposition Eloquence in Ahmad Matar's Political Poetries
Ali bagher Taherinia Hossein Elyasi

There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to b More

There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to beautify the text. Opposition technique is the one in which something expresses and then any opposition of the subject would be expressed accordingly. The present article intends to study the opposition eloquence in Ahmad Matar's works in a way that initially describes opposition technique in theory and then tries to survey some of the existing opposition techniques in the abovementioned poet's political poetries. The results show that Ahmad Matar has applied opposition technique to express his political purposes and indicate the society's problems. Manuscript profile

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16 - The image of the heroes of resistance in the ritual of Mozaffar al-Nawab's poems
Mehdi Shahrokh Abolhassan Amin Moghaddasi

Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not More

Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not demanded worldly wealth, position or purpose, or even the intercession of the Hereafter. This article seeks to name the most important resilient personalities called in the poems of Mozaffar al-Nawab and to express the position of al-Nawab towards them. The results of this study show that most of these personalities have sacrificed their most important capital, i,e their lives, for the sake of their lofty goals, and have been martyred or killed by their own will. In the view of the Nawab, they are all extraordinary men who have a kind of unparalleled struggle and courage in defending the right and fighting the wrong. Al-Nawab has a trans-factional view to these characters. Manuscript profile

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17 - Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetry
Seyyed Nezameddin Mortazavi Abdolreza Atashi

The present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years a More

The present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years ago as well as the contemporary era. The Lebanese contemporary poets also paid special attention to the majesty of this great family. This article attempts to study Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetries and analyzes the literary techniques applied by those poets. Manuscript profile

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18 - The commitment problem in the critical and poetic discourses of the contemporary Arbic literature
Faramarz Mirzaee Abdolhosein Feghhi

'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary cr More

'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary critics see it as an obligation to social affairs, whereas Arab poets put it in the vital sphere of the freedom of speech. The study of this problem of criticism is important because it shows the difference between literary criticism and poem and that the contemporary literary critic tries to criticize poems in terms of his/her critical desires not in terms of the poetic demands and needs of the poet. Why such a deep difference emerged between critical discourse and poetic one in Arab world? This article by use of a descriptive and analytic method and by reference to critics and poets ideas tries to answer the question. The results of the research shows that the contemporary Arab critic who relies on the ideas of western critics and their literary schools, specially literary socialism, proposes principles to evaluate Arabic poems, instead of speculating specifically Arabic poems and exploitimg critical rules from them. Thus, from his/her view point poet must be committed to social problems, specially social justice, whereas the Arab poet who is influenced from Sartrian ontological thought believes that he/she must be committed to freedom of speech and nothing more. This difference in the interpretation of a critical and literary notion as 'commitment' is speculative and deserves study to be clear why literary criticism is imitative and is not derived from the poems of Arab world, and why Arab critic imposes thoughts outside the literary text on the Arabic poems.   Manuscript profile

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19 - Aesthetics of Repetition in Yahya Samavi’s Divan, "Ghalilake…… La Khathirahonna"
Yahya Ma'aroof Noor Al-din Parvin

  In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the mos More

  In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the most important rhetorical figures has received special attention by contemporary Arab poets. Among these poets is Yahya Samavi, Iraqi poet living in Australia, whose divan entitled "Ghalilake ……… La Kathirahonna" has been composed about his wife and sufferings of his country which have been ever his real source of griefs, sorrows and memories.  Using descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to study aesthetics of repetition inYahya Samavi’s divan in terms of lexicon repetition (singular lexicons, lexicons related to nature, antonyms, and pronouns) and phrases repetition (repetition of independent sentences, of title of odes, of different styles,of  interrogatives and vocatives). The results suggest that the poet has shown his own sorrow and sadness for living far from his homeland Iraq, using repetition which is the main structure of the divan. The results also show that there is complete propriety between repetition figure and meaning of verses. Manuscript profile

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20 - Color Signification in Yahia Alsamawy ’s Poems
Marziyeh Abad Rasoul Balavi

Color displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, co More

Color displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, comfort and reliability, symbolic of the different feelings of sadness and joy. Due to its  artistic, psychological, social, and symbolic implications, colors are deemed as  the most beautiful phenomena of nature, art and poetry as well as a  constituent elements of the poetic image. color should be studied in the context of the poem since the poetic texture  determines their effectiveness. This paper is based on descriptive, and statistical analysis, the study of color and its implications in the poetry of Iraqi poet Yahia Alsamawy. The purpose of the census is to paint and show off their poetry. Alsamawy is amongst the greatest poets who has abundantly investigated the symbolic function of colors in his writings. The results of this study has shown that most frequently applied colors   in his poems are respectively: green, white, black, red, yellow, and blue.   Manuscript profile

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21 - Investigating Imagology of America in Ahmad Matar's Poetry
khalil parvini seyed hosein hoseini

Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the More

Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the others. This is one of the political tools that the colonial governments, particularly United States, which attempts to extent its universal occupation: in particular, through the cultural invasion in the third world countries. On the contrary, weaker nations react against this action and resist.Now, this political theorem has become a cultural phenomenon and has been represented vividly as one of the cultural elements resulting from interaction between community and its social duty and function. Regarding this, the present study deals with imagology to investigate the America image in the poems of Ahmed Matar, the contemporary Iraqi poet, which suffered from his country’s occupation by America? Also, he had been the observer and witness of all problems and crises caused by it and challenges, murder, and crimes carried out by this country in Iraq and in the Middle East. The results of study demonstrate that Ahmad Matar had a dual view on America's government and represents a troubled and anti-Americanism image of this country by citing several reasons including: colonial dealing and military occupation, humiliating the nations and plundering their wealth, supporting the Zionist, cultural invasion, imposing mercenary rulers on the people, conspiracy, betrayal and deceit, interference in the affairs of the countries and other crimes.However, poet's vision to American nation is dual and fluctuates from the positive to negative. Manuscript profile

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22 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooni

Egyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des More

Egyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry.  Manuscript profile

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23 - Critical- Analytical Study ofMarounAbboud's views about Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad's poems
Jamal Talebi

Abbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. T More

Abbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. There are hot critical views about his poetry and the critics are divided into three groupspros and cons and moderate. Famous Lebanese critic,Maroon Abboud, is the toughest opponent of his poetry and heridicules and criticizes his poems in a harsh way. Studying the poetry of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad,it is clear that Abboud's views are far from scientific spirit and constructive criticism;they are in restraints of categoriesbeing dominant in criticism of Arab world in twentieth century. In studying the poetry Aqqad says “I do not compare him with Naji, Abushadi, Taha, Seirafi, Khafif, Bashar Fars,SalehJaudat,ZakiMobarak and anyone who has engaged in composing poetry in Egypt. All of them even ZakiMobarakare better than him.” Accordingly, it is necessary for us to study and criticize Abboud'sopinionsand thoughts fairly and impartially and to showreal face of Aqqad'spoetry especially in "al-Karwan gift", "vahyAl-Arba'aeen" and "AberSl-Sabil" distinguished in terms of innovation, subject orientation, unity and integration of the ode. The main finding of this study is that in many cases Abbouddoes notobservefair judgment and is influenced by personal and group interests althoughin some cases his criticism is fair and right. This is due to the fact that  competition among critics in Arab world, particularly in Egypt and Lebanon in the twentieth century led the criticism towards bigotry and away from true scientific spirit  Manuscript profile

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24 - Military Blockade Effect of Beirut on Application and Implication of Space and Place in Divan “Maryam Tati” by Sa'adi Yoosef
Hashem Mohammad Hashem maryam jalaei

One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its inc More

One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its incidents will occur in the location and destruction of that location is one of its unlucky effects; Therefore, the present study is performed  to analyze the effect of military blockade of Beirut by Israel on application and implication of location in “Maryam Tati” by the Iraqi poet, Sa'adiYoosef, by  descriptive-analytic method; because the blockade has had a considerable effect on routine daily life of the Lebanese people, its effects have been reflected on the literary  works of Lebanese and non-Lebanese scholars, such as Sa'adi Youssef who was compelled by wardisasters to illustrate the most detailed issues of Lebanese lives. The question which should be answered is: what is the effect of military blockade of Beirut on application and implication of place on ‘Maryam Tati”? The most important results were that open locations (e.g. city, village and district) are to illustrate the material destruction of Beirut during the war and close locations (home and room), which were used more than open ones, implicate spiritual status of people of Beirut and the reason for this application and implication is the engineering and architectural criteria of the closed locations.  Manuscript profile

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25 - Elegy in Sharif Razi’s Poetry
Mohamed Ibrahim Khalifa Shooshtari Mohammad Hassan Amrayy

Sharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and  he was very good at all different  poems  ,  and  could be distinguished  with his authentic eloquence  and  his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighte More

Sharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and  he was very good at all different  poems  ,  and  could be distinguished  with his authentic eloquence  and  his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighted among poets,  in particular  in elegy and crying on family, relatives, and describing the tribulation of time, and his odes in elegy appeared in passionate feelings and ebullient emotions  . It is noteworthy to say that his odes in lamentation for  Hussein is a full poetic example for poets who came after him and followed him in their tragedy for Hussein, And they imitated him in their tragedy for Hussein, and they had memorized his poems and had kept it . These few  short elegies made Sharif Razi famous and led him to be a pioneer among his contemporaries. This paper is an attempt to examine his elegies as a proof of his unique talent. Manuscript profile

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26 - Stylistic Study of the Poem Later in Paradise
Issa mottaghizadeh Kobra Roshanfekr Nouroddin parvin

     Stylistics is a  new science which analyzes the structure of  composed  lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In  this study with descriptive analytic method and the  frame work of  stylistics More

     Stylistics is a  new science which analyzes the structure of  composed  lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In  this study with descriptive analytic method and the  frame work of  stylistics the researchers try to study the elegy Later in Paradise composed by Suad Sabah one of the pioneers of contemporary on the death of his beloved son Mobarak. The three levels mentioned will be analyzed in this poem to examine the link between melancholy and style.The main result of the application of this theory in analysis his elegy shows that there is a strong association between the sentiment elegy and style of poets. And sentimental grief has a direct impact on poet his.  Manuscript profile

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