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        1 - Breaking Norms in Mahmoud Darvish's Poetry by Emphasizing Al-ʾAʿmāl aš-Šiʿriyyat al-Kāmilah
        Fatemeh Asadi Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi
        Breaking the norms is one of the Formalists' findings which today forms the basics of methodology and linguistics. Mahmoud Darvish has deformed the usual and normal formations in different cases and has created new combinations and attractive images. Breaking the norms More
        Breaking the norms is one of the Formalists' findings which today forms the basics of methodology and linguistics. Mahmoud Darvish has deformed the usual and normal formations in different cases and has created new combinations and attractive images. Breaking the norms from Leech's point of view is of eight types which the present paper intends to study and analyze lexical, semantics and scripting breaking norms in Al-ʾAʿmāl aš-Šiʿriyyat al-Kāmilah. The results show that Mahmoud Darvish has enjoyed similes and metaphors more than other poets as well as ancient lexicons beside new additional combinations, paradox, alliteration and … . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Manifestation of Image Norm – Deviation in Imam Ali Words(Case Study: Nahj Al Balaghah)
        Fatemeh Pasandian Mohammad Jannatifar Mohammad Ma’soumi
        Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ More
        Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ potential capability to express purpose. In fact He enjoys the mentioned technique ti increase semantics. This article is an attempt to study one of the contemporary literary criticism phenomena in Imam Ali words. Norm – deviation in lingual sciences and methodology is studied which means breaking common habits in normal language and deviation of rules. One type is image norm – deviation which studies verbal forms references in their various forms. At the end of the research it would be distinguished that Imam Ali could enjoy image norm – deviation in innovation and speech embellishment properly. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Image of Wine in Mostafā wahbī al-tal's ( ͑Arār) poetry and the amount of its influence from rubāʿiyāt-e-Khayyām (Quatrains of Khayyam)
        Hooman Nazemian Hossein Abavisani Soghra Falahat Razieh Maskani
        Mustafa Wahbi al-Tall, known as ͑Arār(1899-1949 AD) is one of the great poets of Jordan. He is known as the 'Father of Jordan contemporary poetry'. When ͑Arār received a versified translation ofthe rubāʿiyāt-e-Khayyām (Quatrains of Khayyam), he became interested in and More
        Mustafa Wahbi al-Tall, known as ͑Arār(1899-1949 AD) is one of the great poets of Jordan. He is known as the 'Father of Jordan contemporary poetry'. When ͑Arār received a versified translation ofthe rubāʿiyāt-e-Khayyām (Quatrains of Khayyam), he became interested in and fond of them, and composedKhayyām-type poems. So, we can say that it is too difficult to understandhis poems and mastering his poetic themes without understanding philosophy and thoughts of Khayyām. In order to determine the degree of poet's reliance on his poetic ability in creating new images, the article tries to have a technical look in his khamryyāt (wine poems). Similie, metaphor, hyperbole and so on are the most important devices which are investigated in the article. The results of the research show that there is no traces of the influence of imaginary pictures of  Khayyām on Arār and the so called influence is due to the traces of Khayyam's philosophical thoughts in Arār poems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Poetic Representations in Madihe Nabavi by Attar Neishabouri
        Abdolhamid Ahmadi
        A poet's   cast of mind manifests itself in his style as he perceives the world from a peculiar perspective. In fact, poets though they all follow some common features, investigate unique modes of writing. This leads into a sort of diversity especially by thos More
        A poet's   cast of mind manifests itself in his style as he perceives the world from a peculiar perspective. In fact, poets though they all follow some common features, investigate unique modes of writing. This leads into a sort of diversity especially by those poets who share common features. Amongst these  features one may refer to  glorification of prophets which invites various styles and modes. The researcher in this paper attempts to analyze the poetic representations in Attar's Madihe Nabavi. Manuscript profile