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        1 - Annexation of Ziyād to Abū Sufyān: Motivations and Consequences
        عباس علی تفضلی هانیه بیک
        The story of the annexation of Ziyād b. ÝUbayd to Abū Sufyān is wellknown in the history of Islam. Probably this fame, more than itsillegitimacy, is due to the fame of Ziyād himself as one of four Arabsagacious men, and as one of three effective figures who assis More
        The story of the annexation of Ziyād b. ÝUbayd to Abū Sufyān is wellknown in the history of Islam. Probably this fame, more than itsillegitimacy, is due to the fame of Ziyād himself as one of four Arabsagacious men, and as one of three effective figures who assistedMuÝāwiya in strengthening the basis of Umawid Caliphate. Ziyād’sdesire to be a Caliph, which was not accomplished, was only pledgedto the acceptance of the annexation and relation to Mu‘āwiya. Afterthe recognition of annexation, he knew himself as Mu‘āwiya’s brotherand a competitor of his crown prince, and craved for Caliphate.Therefore he didn’t contribute in Yazīd’s crown prince-ship and thehereditary of Caliphate. Though the annexation cost too much forMuslim society of Iraq, and disgraced Ziyād himself, but made himand Mu‘āwiya, even more than him, successful to achieve theirdesires. This paper is to investigate motivations and consequences ofthis subject from a historical point of view (F.S.). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Examining the role of Mughira bin Sha'bah in the assimilation of Ziyad bin Ubaid's lineage to Abu Sufyan and its consequences
        gholam ali salim gandomi ghafar porbakhtiar Abdolaziz Movahhed
        Ziyad bin Ubaid was one of the three sides of the triangle of Muawiya's advisers, who only served as the secretary of Basra until the end of the caliphate of the third caliph. And as soon as Imam Ali (a.s.) entered the realm of caliphate, by raising his position, he too More
        Ziyad bin Ubaid was one of the three sides of the triangle of Muawiya's advisers, who only served as the secretary of Basra until the end of the caliphate of the third caliph. And as soon as Imam Ali (a.s.) entered the realm of caliphate, by raising his position, he took the seat of the Emirate of Fars with huge sources of wealth. He was famous as one of the four famous Arab scholars, and by relying on his tact and intelligence, he was able to establish his position as one of the great powers of the region. But it didn't take long for him to achieve his long-standing dream and obtain the caliphate of Syria, with the mediation of Muawiyah's ambassador (Mughirah bin Sha'ba) and without paying attention to the advice of Imam Ali, he accepted to join Abu Sufyan's lineage and became Muawiyah's brother. And he thought that by accepting this annexation, he would soon be in the first circle of the rivals of Velayat Ahadi. But in the end, not only did he not reach the government of Syria, but his early death before the caliph also paved the way for Yazid's fiefdom. In this article, the researcher raises the question that what was the effect of great thought and motivation in the formation and advancement of the assimilation process and the role of the other party in . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The political and social role of Mughira bin Sha'ba in consolidating and continuing the foundations of the Umayyad government
        gholam ali salimgandomi Ghaffar Pourbakhtiar Abdolaziz Movahed
        AbstractMughira bin Shu'ba (50 AH) is known as one of arab clever politicians. He is one of the most influential persons in the history of Islam .Since he has played key roles in various affairs, this article aims to investigate the performance of Magirah by referring t More
        AbstractMughira bin Shu'ba (50 AH) is known as one of arab clever politicians. He is one of the most influential persons in the history of Islam .Since he has played key roles in various affairs, this article aims to investigate the performance of Magirah by referring to the main sources in order to investigate his political and social role in various affairs. and explore the hidden and visible scenes of the period of Muawyah’s caliphate. Mughira was one of the companions of the Prophet but after death of the prophet, with a political turn, he supported Rashidin caliphs in all aspects and after Mu'awiyah took power, while aligning his policies with Muawiyah's, he tried to stabilize the foundations of the Umayyad government first by annexation of ancestry , and then proposed Yazid's succession and took charge of its propaganda. So the essay aims to answer the main question. what effect did the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'bah have on the process of establishing and continuing the caliphate of Mu'awiya bin Abu Sufyan and Yazid? In response to the above-mentioned question, this hypothesis is proposed that: the examination of historians' reports indicates that the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'ba left a significant role in the consolidation and continuity of the foundations of Mu'awiya's and Yazid’s caliphate.The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on library data. Manuscript profile