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      • Open Access Article

        1 - A Study on Verbal Ideas by Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī in Al-Muqabasat Book
        Fatemeh Khezeli Seyyed Attaollah Eftekhari Marziyeh Gholi Tabar
        Al-Muqabasat book is known as one of the most important and famous books by Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī; because the mentioned book is more a specialized philosophical book which studies the history of Islamic philosophy in fourth century. One of the results of the present re More
        Al-Muqabasat book is known as one of the most important and famous books by Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī; because the mentioned book is more a specialized philosophical book which studies the history of Islamic philosophy in fourth century. One of the results of the present research is that Monotheism theories in this book are divided into two important aspects: verbal and semantic. The verbal aspect may contain various parts of speech such as lexicon, existing languages in terms, singular, plural, feminine and masculine; and semantic aspect involves derivative principles and stems, semantic words, lexical differences, synonym, antonym and correction. The applied method of the present research is analytical – descriptive and the aim is to cite the contexts relating verbal and semantic aspects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Analysis Aboohayan’s Viewpoints in Al emta wa al Moanesat’s
        Mehdi Abedi Jozeeni
        Al emta wa al Moanesatis like its name, interesting, and throwing light on Iraq at  the second half of fourth century, namely “al Bowayhee age”, that is marked with darkness. This book discusses a lot of social problems, and portrays sovereigns and mini More
        Al emta wa al Moanesatis like its name, interesting, and throwing light on Iraq at  the second half of fourth century, namely “al Bowayhee age”, that is marked with darkness. This book discusses a lot of social problems, and portrays sovereigns and ministers and their meeting and merits and evils, and portrays the ulema and analyzes their character, and the conversations among them. Aboohayan’s  custom in this book, is that “ebn Sadan” asks and “Aboohayan” replies, sometimes making question on him, respiting him until tomorrow or some  unknown time, so that he can read and make  debate with others to answer him orally or written. “ Ebne sadan” doesn’t confine himself to hearing, rather he partakes in discussion and concurs or refuses. Al emta wa al Moanesat  portrays  upper classes, how they discuss, think, and portrays this life in a fictional guise  divided into nights. But uses less fancy and imagination in comparison to One Thousand and One Night. Manuscript profile