List of Articles ṬūlūnÊds and Abbasids

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  1 - Internal Conflicts and External Pressures: The Collapse and Fall of the ṬūlūnÊd State in Egypt and Syria
  masoomali panjeh
  With the murder of Khumārawayh in 282 AH, the glory and greatness of the ṬūlūnÊds ended, and the period of decline and collapse began. Why did the collapse and Fall come about and how did it happen? In the analysis of the collapse of the government, there are internal f More

  With the murder of Khumārawayh in 282 AH, the glory and greatness of the ṬūlūnÊds ended, and the period of decline and collapse began. Why did the collapse and Fall come about and how did it happen? In the analysis of the collapse of the government, there are internal factors and external causes. During the last decade of their rule, the Ṭūlūnids (282-292 AH) were continuously engaged in internal conflict, among the sons of Khumārawayh and their uncles, the sons of Ibn Ṭūlūn. The children and successors of the Khumārawayh, who inherited a deserted treasury, did not have the power and experience of governance. So, the power and administration of affairs in the country was in the hand of the Commanders of the ṬūlūnÊd Army. Those commanders repeatedly betrayed the ṬūlūnÊds in the fateful moments and joined the enemy, Abbasids. The Qarmatian rebellions in Syria and the Tulonians' inability to suppress and restrain them, opened the Caliph's troops to Syria and then to Egypt, which resulted in the end of the Tulonians. Manuscript profile