عصر قاجار

Open Access Article

1 - Wars between Iran and Russia as a Foundation of Change in Iran's Educational System
داود یحیایی فاخته ماهینی

The Russian attack on Iran in Qajar Period at the beginning of the 19thcentury occurred, at a time when Iran faced numerous problems in itsinternal affairs ignorant of global changes, this unfortunate event hada positive consequence, in that Fath Ali Shah and his court& More

The Russian attack on Iran in Qajar Period at the beginning of the 19thcentury occurred, at a time when Iran faced numerous problems in itsinternal affairs ignorant of global changes, this unfortunate event hada positive consequence, in that Fath Ali Shah and his court’s menbecame aware of Iran's weakness in military equipments and science.This in turn was an intensive development for reform in theeducational system of Iran. This article investigates the mostimportant actions taken in this regard which provides the backgroundfor this reform. (R.H.) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Local Geographical Writings in Qājār Kerman: Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani
mohammad khodaverdi

In Qajar Iran, the Nseri era, special attention was paid to the geography of the Provinces of Iran, which led to the writing of the "Naseri collection". One of the books of this geographic collection Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani, a cla More

In Qajar Iran, the Nseri era, special attention was paid to the geography of the Provinces of Iran, which led to the writing of the "Naseri collection". One of the books of this geographic collection Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani, a clan with a record in the Kerman bureaucracy, wrote about 1267 AD. The author, based on the documents and Administrative Letters, travels and views and heard, describes the great state of Kerman on the basis of geographic quadrants in eighteen blocks. The book, which is a climatic and local geography, contains numerous descriptions and reports of the physical positioning of cities and urban, rural and nomadic life in Kerman at that time. From the reports, the information and statistics of this book can be used in the study of the socio-economic history of the Kerman Province during the Qajar period and on some of its blind spots. Manuscript profile

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3 - ss
sohela torabi

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4 - Medicine in Qajar Iran Based on Western Travelers Itineraries
mohammad tayebi hamid kavyani

Based on western travellersitineraries, Iranian physicians of 19th century all diseases, medications and nourishments into four groups of Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and Phlegmatic and superstition was ruling over the realm of disease causes and their treatment. The More

Based on western travellersitineraries, Iranian physicians of 19th century all diseases, medications and nourishments into four groups of Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and Phlegmatic and superstition was ruling over the realm of disease causes and their treatment. They thought that magic and charm could be of more benefit in disease prevention than clever care. However, setting aside the unaware and untrained pseudo-physicians, it is to be noted that there were physicians all around Qajar Iran who had been attending to scientific methods of medicine education and had gone so much further than their own time but lack of supervision over physicians’ activities, unaccounted entry of greedy people into the realm of medicine, and disappearance of specialization in treatment led the medicine science to superstition and being unscientific and left the scientific medicine in a weak and helpless position. The superstitious and reactionary ideas about Iranian medicine and treatment methods are cited in this research to show the general condition of Iranian physicians and medicine during Qajar era so that we could find out the why and how of regression in medicine and treatment methods of Iranian during the said era and its lagging behind the modern medicine. Therefore, through a comparative method and comparing the existing sources this research aimed to reflect the reality of medicine in Qajar Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The First attempt and challenges of Iranian merchants Commercial in the Process of Establishing a Lawful System of Governance and the Modern State in constitutional Period
Soheila Torabi Farsani

Before the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided di More

Before the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided discontent for the Iranian merchants’. By this time, the merchants had gained a thorough familiarity with the West through the advocation of theoretical basis of the Western thought by the intellectuals and the newspapers. The merchants participated in the constitutional revolution and took part in the first Majlis in which they tried to pass laws to ensure liberty for all citizens, public participation in the political affairs of the country and government transparency. In this paper it has been tried to examine the Role of merchants in these development based on the available documents.  Manuscript profile

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6 - .
نرگس اسکویی

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. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The affairs of the jurist and the guardianship of the jurist in the eyes of Sheikh Ja'far Kashif al-Ghatta
Muhammad Ma'refat

Political thought has always been in the field of Islamic government jurisprudence and Islamic jurists, including Kashif al-Ghatta, have dealt with it in various sections of jurisprudence. In addition to his scientific status and social status, the era of Kashif al-Ghat More

Political thought has always been in the field of Islamic government jurisprudence and Islamic jurists, including Kashif al-Ghatta, have dealt with it in various sections of jurisprudence. In addition to his scientific status and social status, the era of Kashif al-Ghatta has been influential in the formation and influence of his political thought. Among the powers and duties of the jurist in the age of absence from the point of view of Kashif al-Ghatta, is to take charge of jihad, establish and implement limits, the position of fall, the appointment of a judge and Shaykh al-Islam, and the guardianship of khums and zakat. On the basis of these matters, in the field of domestic policy to ward off the danger of the Akhbaris, and in the field of foreign policy, he ordered jihad and the permission to form the IRGC to Fath Ali Shah Qajar and made him his deputy. According to the principle of non-guardianship, he believes that creatures are equal in worship and no one has true dominion except God; Therefore, commands and prohibitions should be issued only by God or someone appointed by Him. His theoretical foundations in the book Kashf al-Ghatta 'and his practical life in the implementation of the social laws of Islam, indicate the acceptance of the general guardianship of the jurisprudent for the general deputy of the Imam, ie the comprehensive Mujtahid. This work, in addition to examining some historical currents and the practical life of Kashif al-Ghatta, is based on the description and analysis of his political views, using his written works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Study on Iran’s Societal Backward in the Q§j§rs Era According to “Tarbiat” Newspaper
Abdullah Motevali Mohammad Hassan Beigi

: Newspapers played an irreplaceable role in changing the approach of Iranian society during the Qajar era. In the process leading to the formation of the Constitutional Movement within Iran, several newspapers were published. Some of them, regardless of their political More

: Newspapers played an irreplaceable role in changing the approach of Iranian society during the Qajar era. In the process leading to the formation of the Constitutional Movement within Iran, several newspapers were published. Some of them, regardless of their political stance, pursued a pathological approach to the general issues of society. The Tarbiat newspaper was one of the most important and stable of these newspapers. For nearly nine years, it sought to root out the elements and factors of societal stagnation, offering practical solutions to exit from those unpleasant conditions. The identification of the factors of societal backwardness and the proposed models of the newspaper for structural reform in the society of the Qajars formed the main issue of this article. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer this fundamental question: What are the main factors of the backward of Iranian society in the Qajar period from the perspective of the Tarbiat newspaper? And what models does the newspaper propose to get out of this situation? The results of the study show that the newspaper’s emphasis is more on cultural weaknesses and inability to expand up-to-date knowledge. Accordingly, the newspaper’s proposed system is more focused on increasing the scientific capacity of society and also the radical treatment of this disorder. Of course, from this perspective, the reform of the educational and training system is considered as the main priorities. In addition to this, the reform process will be fruitless without considering the reconstruction of the moral system of society Manuscript profile

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