Measurement of Water Consumption of Promising Rice Cultivars Using Mini-Cylindrical Lysimeters in Amol City

Subject Areas : Optimal management of water and soil resources

Saeed Hosseini ¹ , Ali Bagheri ² , Reza Asadi ³ , Davod Akbari nodehi ⁴

1 - Ph.D. student, Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
3 - Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, Ghaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, Iran, Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rice Research Institute, Mazandaran, Amol, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

Received: 2023-08-15 Accepted : 2023-10-23 Published : 2023-11-22

Keywords: Applied water, water productivity, Evapotranspiration, Paddy field, Percolation,

Abstract :

Background and Aim: Rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world. Rice cultivation in Iran has great economic and social importance. Mazandaran province is one of the most important rice production centers in Iran, accounting for 44% of the Iran's rice production. Due to the high consumption of water in the agricultural sector, the optimal use of water resources in agriculture is necessary.The water required by rice is directly related to evapotranspiration. The most reliable method of calculating evapotranspiration is using a lysimeter. The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the evapotranspiration of different varieties of rice using mini-lysimeters and to introduce the best variety for cultivation. Method: The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments, at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol) during the 2020. The treatments included different rice varieties in 11 levels T1: AR2, T2: AR6, T3: AHS, T4: DAH, T5: 1117, T6: 952, T7: 956, T8: E104, T9: S715, T10: Tarom, and T11: Shiroodi. Mini lysimeters with open bottom and closed bottom had a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 50 cm. Field soil was sampled from 0 to 30 cm depth and studied in the laboratory. The date of transplanting was similar in all rice cultivars The planting density of seedlings was 20×20 cm and 7 seedlings were placed in lysimeter. The lysimeters were placed 6 cm above the ground in the soil. The seeds were planted in a treasury and the seedlings were placed in the lysimeter after 30-35 days (after 3-4 leaves and height 25-20 cm). Water management in lysimeters was in the form of flooding (5 cm). Finally, variance analysis of the obtained data was done using SAS software and the mean of the treatments were compared through the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level. Results: The results showed that different varieties and lines of rice was effective on infiltration, evapotranspiration, yield, water consumption and were statistically significant at 1% level of probablity. The highest and lowest evapotranspiration with averages of 4938.7 and 3747 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest yields with averages of 7773.7 and 2938.1 kg/ha belonged to T8 and T6 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest values of deep percolation were observed with averages of 303.3 and 185.3 mm in T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of applied water with averages of 9972 and 7600.3 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest water productivity with averages of 0.98 and 0.3 kg/m3 were related to T8 and T9 treatments, respectively. The results showed that the length of the plant growth period was different in the tested cultivars and lines and it was effective on the amount of water consumption.. Conclusion: Finally, in the normal conditions of the region, line E104 is introduced as the best treatment due to the production of maximum grain yield, while in water shortage conditions, the line 1117 is recommended for planting due to less water consumption.

References:

Abbasi, F., Naseri, A., Sohrab, F., Baghani, J., Abbasi, N. and Akbari, M. 2015. Improvement of Water Consumption prouctivity. Agriculture Engineering Research Institute. 68 p. [in Persian]

Anning, D.K., Ofori, J. and Narh, S. 2018. Effect of irrigation management methods on growth, grain yield and water Productivity of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 26(2): 93-104.

Asadi, A. 2013. Investigating the drought stress of aerobic cultivars in direct cultivation using the drying method and comparing it with the transplant method. Final report of the project. Publications of Iran's Rice Research Institute-Amol. 30 p. [in Persian]

Asadi Oskouei, E.,  Kouzegaran, S., Yazdani, M.R. and Rahmani., A. 2021. The Effect of Different Probability Levels in Estimating the Net Water Requirement of Rice in the Northern Provinces of Iran. Journal of Water and Soil, 35(5): 659-671. [in Persian]

Asadi, R. 2010. Determining the water consumption of rice line 7328 by lysimetry method and controlled plots and comparing it with experimental models. Final report of the project. Publications of Iran's Rice Research Institute-Amol. 14 p. [in Persian]

Beikzadeh, H., Alavi Siney, S.M., Baya, M. and Ezady, A.A. 2015. Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Effective Agronomical Traits on Yield in some of Iranian Rice Cultivar. Applied Field Crops Reaserch, 28(106): 73-78. [in Persian]

Bhatt, R. and Kukal, S.S. 2017. Soil evaporation studies using mini-lysimeters under differently established rice-wheat cropping sequence in Punjab, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1): 222-229.

Bouman, B.A.M. Peng, S. Castañeda A.R. and Visperas, R.M. 2005. Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice systems. Agricultural Water Management, 74(2): 87-105.

Ghamarnia, H., Barati, Z. and Jalili, Z. 2021. Estimation of rice water requirement and crop coefficients using lysimeter under non-flooding and semi-arid climate conditions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 15(5): 1131-1140. [in Persian]

Gholami sefidkouhi, M.A., Bagheri Khalili, Z. and Ghalenovi, A. 2021. Investigation of Rice Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients for Shiroudi and Hashemi Cultivars in Sari. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 34(4): 505-515. [in Persian]

Hamidizad, H., Sadeghi, M. and Habibi, F. 2021. Effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen fertilizer on quality characteristics related to viscosity in Gilaneh rice cultivar. Journal of Agroecology, 12(2): 281-298. [in Persian]

Herve, P. 1996. Guilan, a successful irrigation project in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 10(2): 97-105.

Hossain, M.B., Yesmin, S., Maniruzzaman, M. and Biswas, J.C. 2017. Irrigation Scheduling of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using CROPWAT Model in the western region of Bangladesh. The Agriculturists, 15(1): 19-27.

Kumari, A., Upadhyaya, A., Jeet, P., Al-Ansari, N., Rajput, J., Sundaram, P.K., Saurabh, K., Prakash, V., Singh, A.K., Raman, R.K., Gaddikeri, V. and Kuriqi, A. 2022. Estimation of actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of transplanted puddled rice using a modified non-weighing paddy lysimeter. Agronomy, 12: 2850.

Liu, Y. and Luo, Y. 2010. A consolidated evaluation of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach using the lysimeter data in the North China Plain. Agriculture Water Management, 97: 31-40.

López-López, R. Jiménez-Chong, J.A. Hernández-Aragón, L. and Inzunza Ibarra, M.A. 2018. Water productivity of rice genotypes with irrigation and drainage. Irrigation and Drainage, 67(4): 508-515.

Lopez-Urrea, R., Sanchez, J.M., de la Cruz, F., Gonzalez-Piqueras, J. and Chavez, J.L. 2020. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients from lysimeter measurements for sprinkler-irrigated canola. Agricultural Water Management, 239: 106260.

Mahdavi, F. 2004 .Study of physiological indicators and morphological growth in new and old varieties of rice. Master of Science (MSc) degree in Agronomy. university of Mazandaran. 131 p. [in Persian]

Maneepitak, S., Ullah, H., Paothong, K., Kachenchart, B., Datta, A. and Shrestha, R.P. 2019 Effect of water and rice straw management practices on yield and water productivity of irrigated lowland rice in the Central Plain of Thailand. Agricultural Water Management, 211: 89-97.

Modabberi, H., Mirlatifi, M. and Gholami, M.A. 2014. Determination of Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient of Two Rice Cultivars in Mordab Plain (Guilan Province). Water and Soil science (Journal of science and technology of agriculture and natural resources), 18(67): 95-106. [in Persian]

Mojarad, F., Ghamarnia, H. and Nasiri, S.H. 2007. Estimation of effective rainfall and irrigation Requirement for rice cultivation in the Mazandaran plan. Geographical Research Quarterly, 37(54): 59-76. [in Persian]

Panahi, M. 2000. Assessment of Computational methods of estimation of potential evapotranspiration. Seventh National Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. Kerman. [in Persian]

Pirmoradian, N., Fatemeh Zekri, F., Rezaei, M. and Abdollahi, V. 2013. Derivation of crop coefficients of three rice varieties based on ETo estimation method in Rasht region. Cereal Research, 3(2): 95-196. [in Persian]

Pouryazdankhah, H., Razavipour, T., Khaledian, M.R. and Rezaei, M. 2014. Determining crop coefficient of Binam and Khazar cultivars of rice by lysimeter and controlled basins in Rasht region. Journal of Agroecology, 6(2): 238-249. [in Persian]

Rezaei, M. and Asadi, R. 2013. The effect of using salt water in the conditions of drought stress on rice yield. Final report of the project. Publications of Iran's Rice Research Institute-Amol. 40 p. [in Persian]

Satter, T.L., Conocono, E.A., Egdane, J.A. and Kropff, M.J. 1995. Possibility of increasing yield otential of rice by reducing panicle height in the canopy.I. Effects of panicle on light intereception and canopy photosynthesis. Australian Journal of Plant physiology, 22: 441-451.

Simpson, H., Herczeg, A. and Meyer, W. 1992. Stable Isotope Ratios in Irrigation Water Can Estimate Rice Crop Evaporation. Geophysical Research Letters, 19: 377-380.

Srinivas, B. and Tiwari, K.N. 2018. Determination of crop water requirement and crop coefficient at different growth stages of green gram crop by using non-weighing lysimeter. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(9): 2580-2589.

Usefian, M., Arabzade, B., Soodaee Mashaee, S. and Mohammadi Nesheli, Y. 2014. Evaluation of different levels of Irrigation on yield and qualitative properties of two rice varieties (Tarom and Shiroodi). Applied Field Crops Research, 27(104): 69-75. [in Persian]

Xinchun, C., Mengyang, W., Rui, S., La, Z., Dan, C., Guangcheng, S. and Shuhai, T. 2018. Water footprint assessment for crop production based on field measurements: a case study of irrigated paddy rice in East China. Science of the Total Environment, 610: 84-93.

Yan, H.F., Zhang, C., Oue, H., Peng, G.J. and Darko, R.O. 2017.  Determination of crop and soil evaporation coefficients for estimating evapotranspiration in a paddy field. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(4): 130-139.

Yang, J. and Zhang, J. 2010. Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(12): 3177-3189.

Yousefi moghadam, S., Mousavi, F., Mostafazadehfard, B. Yazdani, M.R. and Hemat, A. 2008. Effect of different puddling levels on moisture variations and bulk density of three dominant soil Textures in paddy fields of Guilan province. Journal of Water and Soil (Agriculture Sciences and Technology), 22(2): 382-393. [in Persian]

Zabihpour Roushan, M., Bagheri, A., Asadi, R., Akbari Nodehi, D. and Shirdel Shahmiri, F. 2023. Growth, grain yield, and water productivity of different rice varieties in response to irrigation management techniques. Water Supply, 23(3): 1208-1219.

Zare Abyaneh, H., Noori, H., Liaghat, A., Noori, H. and Karimi, V. 2012. Comparaison of Penman-Monteith FAO Method and a class pan evaporation with lysimeter measurements in estimation of rice evapotranspiration in Amol region. Journal of Physical Geography Reaserch, 43(76): 71-83. [in Persian]