Myeloencephalopathy caused by equine herpesvirus type 1 - a case report

Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)

Reza Soleymani Dehkordi ¹ , Ehsan Ahmadi Ardakani ²

1 - Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, shahrekord , Iran
2 - Azad university of shahrekord

Received: 2021-10-02 Accepted : 2021-11-21 Published : 2021-11-22

Keywords: horse, Herpes virus, EHV-1, Myeloencephalopathy,

Abstract :

Herpes virus infections are prevalent in the monocotyledonous population in most parts of the world, and among them, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the most important cause of economic losses in the horse supplies. Two cases of horses suspected of myeloencephalopathy with symptoms of ataxia and paralysis of the hind limbs, respiratory symptoms and herpes virus lesions on the vagina were reported in one of the horse supplies of Shahrekord-Chaharmahal Bakhtiari. Blood samples were taken from infected horses to identify herpes virus type 1 in the samples, PCR method was used. Samples extracted bufly-coat were used for inoculation in allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs and RBK cell culture. After injecting the prepared samples into the embryonated egg and cell culture, it was found that the virus is able to grow in the egg embryo and causes the death of the embryo. When the brain tissue was examined macroscopically, the protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid was higher than normal. The grooves in the brain were also softened. Finally, the present study confirms the presence of equine herpes virus type 1, which is one of the main causes of myeloencephalopathy in horses in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province.

References:

 

Allen. G. P. (2008). Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses. American journal of veterinary research, 69(12), 1595-1600.

Allen. G. P.. Kydd, J. H.. Slater, J. D.. ..Smith, K. C. (2004). Equid herpesvirus 1 and equid herpesvirus 4 infections. Infectious diseases of livestock, 2, 829-859.

Burgess. B. A.. Tokateloff, N.. Manning, S.. Lohmann, K., Lunn, D. P.. Hussey. S. B.. & Morley. P. S. (2012). Nasal Shedding of Equine Herpesvirus‐1 from Horses in an Outbreak of Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy in W estern C anada. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 26(2), 384-392.

Carvalho, R.. Oliveira. A. M.. Souza. A. M.. Passos, L. M. F.. & Martins, A. S. (2000). Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 latency detected by polymerase chain reaction. Archives of virology, 145(9), 1773-1787.

 

Foote. C. E.. Gilkerson, J. R.. Whalley, J. M.. & Love. D. N. (2003). Seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 in mares and foals on a large Hunter Valley stud farm in years pre‐and postvaccination. Australian veterinary journal, 81(5), 283-288.

Gardiner. D. W.. Lunn, D. P.. Goehring, L. S.. Chiang, Y. W.. Cook. C.. Osterrieder, N.. & Hussey. G. S. (2012). Strain impact on equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) abortion models: Viral loads in fetal and placental tissues and foals. Vaccine, 30(46), 6564-6572.

Harless, W.. & Pusterla, N. (2006). Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 respiratory disease in the horse. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 5(3), 197-202.

 

Hussey. S. B.. Clark. R.. Lunn, K. F., Breathnach, C.. Soboll, G.. Whalley, J. M.. & Lunn. D. P. (2006). Detection and quantification of equine herpesvirus-1 viremia and nasal shedding by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 18(4), 335-342.

 

Lara. M. H.. Cunha, E. M. S.. Villalobos. E. M. C.. Nassar, A. F. D. C.. Asano, K. M.. Fernandes, W. R.. & Mori, E. (2008). First isolation of equine herpesvirus type 1 from a horse with neurological disease in Brazil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 75(2), 221-224.

 

Momtaz. H. (2014). The first report of myloencephalopathy caused by equine herpes virus type 1 in Iran. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 10(3), 100-103.

 

Patel. J. R.. & Heldens. J. (2005). Equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4)–epidemiology, disease and immunoprophylaxis: a brief review. The Veterinary Journal, 170(1), 14-23.

Pusterla, N.. & Hussey. G. S. (2014). Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy. Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice, 30(3), 489-506.

Pusterla, N.. Hussey. S. B.. Mapes, S., Leutenegger, C. M.. Madigan, J. E.. Ferraro, G. L.. & Lunn, D. P. (2009). Comparison of four methods to quantify Equid herpesvirus 1 load by real-time polymerase chain reaction in nasal secretions of experimentally and naturally infected horses. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 21(6), 836-840.

 

Radostits, O. M.. Gay, C. C.. Hinchcliff, K. W., & Constable, P. D. (2007). A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Veterinary medicine, 10, 2045-2050.

Taktaz Hafshejani, T.. Nekoei, S..Vazirian, B.. Doosti, A.. Khamesipour, F.. & Anyanwu, M. U. (2015). Molecular detection of equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 infection in healthy horses in Isfahan central and Shahrekord southwest regions, Iran. BioMed research international, 2015.

Traub‐Dargatz, J. L.. Pelzel‐McCluskey, A. M.. Creekmore, L. H.. Geiser‐Novotny. S.. Kasari, T. R.Wiedenheft, A. M. & Bjork.K. E. (2013). Case–control study of a multistate equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 27(2), 339-346.

 

Turan, N..Yildirim, F.. Altan, E., Sennazli, G.. Gurel, A.. Diallo, I.. & Yilmaz. H. (2012). Molecular and pathological investigations of EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections in horses in Turkey. Research in veterinary science, 93(3), 1504-1507.

 

Walker, C..Perotti, V. M.. Love. D. N.. & Whalley, J. M. (1999). Infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strain HVS25A in pregnant mice. Journal of comparative pathology, 120(1), 15-27.