Comparsion the effect of HCG and GnRH administration on Day 5 after AI on conception rate of Dairy cattle under heat stress conditions
Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)
Keywords: heat stress, GnRH, dairy cattle, HCG, Subfertility,
Abstract :
When dairy cattle are subjected to heat stress, reproductive efficiency declines. To override the suppressive effects of heat stress various environmental and hormonal manipulations have been utilized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the administration of GnRH and hCG on day 5 post-insemination would improve pregnancy rate in mild heat stressed dairy cattle (summer months). All cows were inseminated at estrus and then on days 5 after AI, they were alternately assigned into three groups: GnRH group(n=44)received an IM injection (5ml) of GnRH (GONAbreed®,PARNEL, Australia,) hCG group (n=44) received an IM injection (1ml) of hCG (Pregnyl®, Daru Pakhsh, Iran) and control group (n=36) which did not received any treatment.Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 32-39 after AI by ultrasonography. . The difference in CR among three groups were analyzed by using chi-square and fisher test. CR in GnRH, hCG and control groups were 54/5%, 61% and 58/3% respectively, that weren’t significant difference among three groups (P>0.05). CR within GnRH groups in ≤150 and>150 days open subgroups were 72% , 40% that is statistically significant (P<0.05) and also CR between GnRH and hCG groups based on Open days>15o was 40%, 76% that is statistically significant (P<0.05). CR within control and hCG groups among <3 and≥3number of AI were 80% , 31% , 77% and 39%respectively, that is statistically different(P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the use of hCG after AI in repeat breeder dairy cows in summer months is recommended.
1- Alnimer, M. A, and Husein, M. Q. (2007): The Effect of Progesterone and Oestradiol Benzoate on Fertility of Artificially Inseminated Repeat-breeder Dairy Cows during Summer. Reprod Dom Anim. 42:363-369.
2- Al-Katanani, Y. M., Dorset, M., Monson, R. L., Rutledge, J. J., Krininger., C. E., Block, J., Tatcher, P. L, and Hansen, P. J. (2002): Pregnancy rates following timed embryo transfer with fresh or vitrified in vitro produced embryos in lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions.Theriogenology. 58:171-182.
3- Al-Katanani, Webb, D. W, and Hansen, P. J. (1999): Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90 day non return rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate. J Dairy Sci. 82:2611-2616.
4- Badinga, L., Collier, R. J., Wilcox, C. J, and Thatcher, W. W. (1985): Interrelationships of milk yield, body weight and reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci. 68:1828-1831.
5- Berman, A., Folman, Y., Kaim, M., Mamen, M., Herz, Z, and Wolfenson, D. (1985): Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a sub tropical climate. J Dairy Sci. 68:1488-1495.
6- Breuel, K. F., Spitzer, J. C, and Henricks, D. M. (1989): Systemic progesterone concentration following human chorionic gonadotropin administration at various times during the estrous cycle in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 67:1564–1572.
7- Chenault, J. R., Hornish, R. E., Anderson, Y. C., Krabill, L. F., Boucher, J. F, and Prough, M. J. (2003): Concentrations of progesterone in milk of cows administered an intravaginal progesterone insert. J Dairy Sci. 86:2050-2060.
8- Dematawewa, C. M, and Berger, P. J. (1998): Genetic and phenotypic parameters for 305-day yield, fertility and survival in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci. 81:2700-2709.
9- De Rensis, F, and Scaramuzzi, R. (2003): Heat stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow.Theriogenology. 60:1139-1151.
10- De Rensis, F., Marconi, P., Capelli, T., Gatti, F., Facciolongo, F, and Scaramuzzi, R. (2002): Fertility in post portum dairy cow in winter or summer following estrus synchronization and fixed time AI after the induction of LH surge with GnRH or HCG.Theriogenology. 58:1675-1687.
11- De Rensis, F., Valentini , R., Gorrieri, F., Bottarelli , E, and Lopez-Gatius, F. (2008): Inducing ovulation with HCG improves the fertility of dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology. 69:1077–1082.
12- Dougall , M. C., Compton, C. W. R, and Hanlon, D. W. (2005): Reproductive performance in anestrous dairy cows following treatment with two proyocols and tow doses of progesterone.Teriogenology. 63:1529-1548.
13- Early, A. D., Drost, M., Robinson, O. W, and Britt, J. H. (1993): Developmental changes in embryonic resistance to adverse effects of maternal heat stress in cows. J Dairy Sci. 76:2899-2905.
14- Edwards, J. L, and Hansen, P. J. (1997): Differential responses of bovine oocytes and sperimplantation embryos to heat shock. Mol Reprod Dev. 46:138-141.
15- Faust, M. A., McDaniel, B. T., Robinson, O. W, and Britt, J. H. (1988) Enviromental and yield effects on reproduction in primiparous Holsteins. J Dairy Sci. 71:3092-3099.
16- Fuquay, J.W. (1981): Heat stress as it affects animal production. J Anim Sci. 52:164-74.
17- Gwazdauskas, F. C., Wilcox, C. J, and Thatcher, W. W. (1975): Environmental and management factors affecting conception rate in subtropical environmental. J Dairy Sci ;58:88-92.
18- Gwazdauskas, F. C., Wilcox, C. J,. Thatcher, W. W. Kiddy, C. A, and Pape, M. J. (1981): Hormonal pattern during heat stress following PGF2α-tham salt induced luteal regression in heifers. Theriogenology 16:271-285.
19- Hansen, P. J. (1997): Efects of environment on bovine reproduction.Editied by Youngquist RS. Current therapy in large animal theriogenology.(2nd ed) WB Saunders Company. Philadelpheia.pp. 403-15.
20- Howell, J. L., Fuquay, J. W, and Smith, A. E. (1994): Corpus luteum growth and function in lactating Holsteins cows during spring and summer. J Dairy Sci .77:430-6.
21- Imtiaz-Hussain, S. M., Fuquay, J. W, and Younas, M. (1992): Estrous cyclicity in non lactating Holsteins and jerseys during a Pakistani summer. J Dairy Sci75:2968-75.
22- Kendall, N, R., Flint, A, P, F., Mann, G, E. (2009): Incidence and treatment of inadequate postovulatory progesterone concentrations in repeat breeder cows. The Veterinary Journal.181: 158-162.
23- Khan, T. H., Hastie, P. M., Beck, N. F. G, and Khalid, M. (2003): HCG treatment on day of mating improves embryo viability and fertility in ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci.76:81–89.
24- Lucy, M. C., Weber, W. J., Baumgard, L. H., Seguin, B. S., Koenigsfeld, A. T, and Hansen, L, B. (1998): Reproductive endocrinology of lactating dairy cows selected for increased milk production. J Dairy Sci. 81:246(Abstr)
25- Mee, M. O., Stevenson, G. S., Scoby, R. K, and Folman, Y. (1990): Influence of GnRH and timing of insemination relative to oestrus on pregnancy rates of dairy cattle at first service. J Dairy Sci.3:1500–1507.
26- Nebel, R. L, and Mc Gilliard, M. L. (1993): Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3257-3268.
27- Peters, A. R., Martinez, T. A, and Cook, A. J. C. (2000): A meta-analysis of studies of the effect of GnRH 11-14 Days after insemination on pregnancy rates in dairy cattle. Theriogenology.54:1317-26.
28- Price, C. A., and Webb, R. (1989): Ovarian response to HCG treatment during the estrous cycle in heifers. J Reprod Fertil;86:303–10.
29- Rajamahendran, R, and Sianangama, P. C. (1992): Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on dominant follicles in cows: accessory corpus luteum formation, progesterone production and pregnancy rate. J Reprod Fertil;95:577–84.
30- Ray, D. E., Halbach, T. J, and Armstrong, D. V. (1992): Season and lactation number effects on milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle in Arizona. J Dairy Sci. 75:2976-2983.
31- Roman, P. H., Thatcher, W, W, and Wilcox, C. J. (1981): Hormonal relationship and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows to a shade management system in a subtropical environment.Theriogenology.16:139-54.
32- Roman, P. H., Thatcher, W, W., Wilcox, C. J. Buffington, D. E, and Van Horn, H. H. (1997): Physiological and production responses of dairy cattle to a shade on structure in a subtropical environment. J Dairy Sci. 60:424-430.
33- 33- Sangsritavong S., Combs, D. K., Sartoli, R. F, and Wiltbank, M. C. (2000): Liver blood flow and steroid metabolism are increased by both acute feeding and hypertrophy of the digestive tract. J Anim Sci. 74:1074-1083.
34- Santos, J. E. P., Thatcher, W. W., Pool, L, and Ovrton, M. W. (2001): Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on luteal function and reproductive performance of high producing lactating Holstein dairy cow. J Anim Sci.79:2881–2894.
35- Schmitt, E. J. P., Diaz. T., Drost, M, and Thatcher, W. W. (1996): Differential response of the luteal phase and fertility in cattle following ovulation of the first-wave follicle with human chorionic gonadotropine or an agonist of gonadotropine-release hormone. J Anim Sci.74:1074-83.
36- Shams-Esfandabadi, N, and Shirazi, A. (2006): Effects of supplementation of Repeat-Breeder dairy cows with CIDR from 5-19 post-insemination on pregnancy rate. Pakistan J Bio Sci 9(11): 2173-2176.
37- Shams-Esfandabadi, N., Shirazi, A, and Bonyadian, M. (2006): Evaluation of the effect of GnRH administration within 3 h after onset of estrous on conception rate in dairy cows. Pakistan J Bio Sci 9(13): 2503-2507.
38- Shams-Esfandabadi, N, and Shirazi, A. (2007): Evaluation of the effect of muscular injection of progesterone on Days 2-5 following insemination on pregnancy rate in dairy cow. Pakistan J Bio Sci 10(1): 152-155.
39- Sianangama, P. C, and Rajamahendran, R. (1992): Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin administered at specific times following breedingnon milk progesterone and pregnancy in cows. Theriogenology.38:85–96.
40- Stevenson, J. S., Call, E. P., Scoby, R. K, and Phatak, A. P. (1990): Double insemination and GnRH treatment of repeat-breeding dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci.73:1766–72.
41- 41-Tefera, M., Chaffaux, S., Thibier, M, and Humblot, P. (2001): lack of effect of post-AI HCG or GnRH treatment on embryonic mortality in dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science. 71:277-281.
42- Thompson, J. A., Magee, D. D., Tomaszewski, M. A., Wilks, D. L, and Fourdraine, R. H. (1996): Management of summer infertility in Texas Holstein dairy cattle. Therigenology. 46:547-558.
43- Ullah, G., Fuquay, J. W., Keawkhong, T., Clark, B., Pogue, D. E, and Murphy, E. J. (1996): Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at estrus on subsequent luteal function and fertility in lactating Holsteins during heat stress.J Dairy Sci .79:1950-3.
44- Vasconcelos, J. L. M, and Beltran, M. P. (2008): Conception rate in Holstein cows treated with GnRH or HCG on the fifth day post artificial insemination during summer. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.,60:580-586.
45- Vasconcelos, J. L. M., Silcox, R. W, and Rosa, G. J. M. (1999): Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 52:1067-1078.
46- Walton, J. S., Holbert, G. W., Robinson, N. A, and Leslie, K. E. (1990): Effects of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin administrationfive days post insemination on plasma and milk concentrations of progesterone and pregnancy rates of normal and repeat breeder dairy cows. Can J Vet Res. 54:305–308.
47- Willard, S., Gandy, S., Bowers, S., Graves, K., Elias, A, and Whisnant, C. (2003): The effects of GnRH administration postinsemination on serum concentration of progesterone and pregnancy rates in dairy cattle exposed to mild summer heat stress. Theriogenology .59:1799-1810.
48- Wilson, S. J., Marion, R. S., Spain, J. N., Spiers, D. E., Keisler, D. H, and Lucy, M. C. (1998): Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. l. Lactating cows. J Dairy Sci .81:2132-8.
49- Wolfenson, D., Thatcher, W. W., Bading, L., Savio, J.D., Meidan, R, and Lew, B. J .(1995): Effect of heat stress on follicular development during the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cattle. Biol Repord.52:1106-13.
_||_