Subject Areas :
سعید
سبحانی راد
1
(گروه علوم دامی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.)
مهدی
الهی ترشیزی
2
(گروه علوم دامی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران)
Keywords: پروبیوتیک, موننسین, فراسنجه های تولید گاز, باکتری های شکمبه, شرایط برون تنی,
Abstract :
1- جعفری، پ.، محمد زمانی، ق.، الماسیان، ف. و تاج آبادی ابراهیمی، م. (1389). جداسازی و تولید نیمه صنعتی سویههای باسیلوس بالقوه پروبیوتیک برای طیور. اولین همایش ملی پروبیوتیک ومحصولات فرآویژه. تهران. ایران.
2- مدرسی، م.ح. (1391). نقش اقتصادی پروبیوتیک وغذاهای فراسودمند. دومین همایش ملی پروبیوتیک و غذاهای فراسودمند .تهران. ایران.
3.AOAC) 2005(. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. AssociationOfficial Analytical Chemists, Arligton, VA.
4.Blümmel, M., Ørskov, E. R. (1993(. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 40: 109-119.
5.Bohm, J., Srour, A. (1995( An Austrian probiotic feed additive for Egyptian buffalo and cattle production. 3rd Scientific Conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University (Egypt Society for Cattle Diseases), Dec 3-5, Assiut, Egyp.
6.Chaucheyras, F., Fonty, G., Bertin, G., Salmon, J. M., Gouet, P. (1995). Effects of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levucell SC), a microbial additive for ruminants, on lactatemetabolism in vitro. Canadian Journal Microbiology 42:927-933.
7.Dawson, K. A. (1992). Current and future role of yeast cultures in animal production: A review of research over the last six years. In: Lyons TP (ed.) Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proc Alltech’s 8th Annual Symposium (Supplement). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, KY, USA, 1-23.
8.Dawson, K. A., Newman, K. E., Boling, J. A. (1990). Effects of microbial supplements containing yeast and lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activities. Journal Animal Science 68: 3392-3398.
9.Dinius, D. A., Simpson, M. E., Marsh, P. B. (1976). Effect of monensin fed with forage on digestion and the ruminal ecosystem of steers. Journal Animal Science 42: 229-234.
10.Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal Applied Bacterology 66: 365-378.
11.Fumiaki, A., Ishibashi, N., Shimamura, S. (1995). Effect of administration of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to newborn calves and piglets. Journal Dairy Science 78:2838-2846.
12.Galloway, D. L., Goetsch, A. L., Patil, A., Froster, L. A., Johnson, Z. B. (1993). Feed intake and digestion by Holstein steer calves consuming low-quality grass supplemented with lasalocid or monensin. Canadian Journal Animal Science 73: 869-879.
13.Harmon, D. L., K. K. Kreikemeier., K. L. Gross. )1993(. Influence of addition of monensin to an alfalfa hay diet on net portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. Journal of Animal Science 71: 218 – 225.
14.Hong, H. A., Duc, L. H., Cutting, S. M. (2005). The use ofbacterial spore formers as probiotics. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29:813-835.
15.Ipharraguerre, I. R., Clark, J. H. (2003). Usefulness of ionophores for lactating dairy cows: a review. Animal Feed Scicience Technology 106: 39-57.
16.Jacob, M. E., J. T. Fox., S. K. Narayanan., J. S. Drouillar., D. G. Renter., and T. G. Nagaraga. )2008(. Effects of feeding wet corn distillers grains with solubles with or without monensin and tylosin on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal foodborne pathogenic and commensal bacteria in feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 86: 1182 – 1190.
17.Jalč, D., Baran, M., Vendrák, T. and Siroka, P.(1992). Effect of monensin on fermentation of hay andwheat bran investigated by the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). 2. End-products offermentation and protein synthesis. Arch Tierernahr42:153-158.
18.Lee, S. S., Ha, J. K., Cheng, K. J. (2000). Relative contributions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi to in vitro degradation of orchard grass cell walls and their interactions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66: 3807 – 3813.
19.Lynch, H. A., Martin, S. A.(2002). Effects of Saccharomycescerevisiae culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cells onin vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. Journal Dairy Science. 85:2603-2608.
20.McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D., Morgan, C. A. (1995). Animal Nutrition, th5 Edition. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex, England, pages 546–554.
21.McGuffey, R.K., Richardson, L.F., and Wilkinson, J.I.D. )2001(. Ionophores for dairy cattle: current status and future outlook. Journal of Dairy Science. 84 (E. Suppl.): E194-E203.
22.Menke, K. H., Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal research and development. 28: 6-55.
23.Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W.(1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science. 92: 217 -222.
24.Nagaraja, T. G., Newbold, C. J., Van Nevel, C. J., Demeyer, D. I. (1997). Manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Pages 523-632 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. P. N. Hobson and C. S. Stewart, Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
25.Paul, S. S., D. N. Kamra, V. R. B. Sastry, N. P. Sahu, A. Kumar. (2003). Effect of phenolic monomers on growth and hydrolytic enzyme activities of an anaerobic fungus isolated from wild nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Letters in Applied Microbiology 36: 377-381.
26.Quigley, J. D., Steen, T. M., Boehms, S. I. (1992). Postprandial changes of selected blood andruminal metabolites in ruminating calves fed diets with or without hay. Journal of Animal Science. 75:228-235.
27.Quinn, M. J., May, M. L., Hales, K. E., DiLorenzo, N., Leibovich, J., Smith, D. R., Galyean, M. L.(2009). Effects of ionophores and antibiotics on in vitro hydrogen sulfide production, dry matter disappearance, and total gas production in cultures with a steam-flaked corn-based substrate with or without added sulfur. Journal of Animal Science. 87:1705-1713.
28.Roger, V., Fonty, G., Komisarczuk-Bony, S., Gouet, P.(1990). Effects of physicochemical factors on the adhesion to celluloseAvicel of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens andFibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56:3081-3087.
29.Rose, A. H. (1987). Responses to the chemical environment. In: TheYeasts (Ed. A. H. Rose and J. S. Harrisson) Vol. 2, AcademicPress, London, pp. 5-40.
30.Russell, J. B., H. J., Strobel. (1989). Effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 55:1-6.
31.SAS Institute Inc. (2004). SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
32.Seo, J. K., Kim, S.W., Kim, M. H., Upadhaya, S. D., Kam, D. K., D. K. and Ha, J. K. (2010). Direct-fed Microbials for Ruminant Animals. Asian - Australasian Journal of Animal Science.Vol. 23, No. 12: 1657 – 1667.
33.Surber, L. M., Bowman, J. G. P. (1998). Monensin effects ondigestion of corn or barley high-concentrate diets.Journal of Animal Science. 76:1945-1954.
34.Tomasik, P.J., Tomasik, P.(2003). Probiotics and prebiotics. Cereal Chemistry, 80: p. 113-117.
35.Vagnoni, D. B., Craig, W. M., Gates, R. N., Wyatt, W. E., and Southern, L. L. (1995). Monensin and ammonication or urea supplementation of Bermuda grass hay diets for steers. Journal of Animal Science. 73: 1793-1802.
36.Vali, N. (2009). Probiotic in quail nutrition: A Review. Inter. Journal of Poultry Science. 8: 1218-1222.
37.Van Nevel, C. J. (1996). Control of rumen methanogenesis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 42:73-97.
38.Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J. B., and Lewis, B. A.(1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral-detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
39.Wischer, G., Boguhn, J., Steingaß, H., Schollenberger, M., Hartung, K., Rodehutscor, M. (2012). Effects of monensin and tannin extract supplementation on methane production and other criteria of rumen fermentation in vitro and in long -term studies with sheep. Thesis.
40.Yang, W. Z., Beauchemin, K. A., Vedres, D. D., Ghorbani, G. R., Colombatto, D., Morgavi, D. P.(2004). Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal acidosis, digestibility, and bacterial protein synthesis in continuousculture. Animal Feed Science and Technolology 114: 179-193.
41.Zhang, Y., Gao, W., Meng, Q. (2007). Fermentation of plant cell walls by ruminal bacteria, protozoa and fungi and their interaction with fibre particle size. Archives of Animal Nutrition 61: 114–125.