Reviewing methods of analysis and evaluation of seismic safety of arched concrete dams

Subject Areas : Analysis, design and construction of water structures

Mohammadreza Fadaei-Tehrani ¹ , Elham Ybarehpour ²

1 - Niro Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, Iran.
2 - Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Received: 2023-07-12 Accepted : 2023-09-05 Published : 2023-09-09

Keywords: Seismic analysis, Arched concrete dam, Contraction seams, Earthquake,

Abstract :

Arched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another significant force that the dam's structural system must withstand is the dynamic forces generated by earthquakes. In such dams, there is a possibility of non-linear behavior due to the change in the location of the two faces of the contraction joints, cracking, corrosion, or non-linear behavior of the concrete of the dam body depending on the intensity of the earthquake. Dynamic analysis of time history, assuming that the dam body is an integrated structure with elastic behavior, usually leads to the creation of significant tensile arch stresses in the upper levels of the dam, which is not in accordance with reality. Since the arch dams are built as ridge blocks, due to the opening and closing of the contraction joints during the earthquake, the released tensile stresses and internal forces are redistributed from the arch performance mode to the ridge performance. As a result, by reducing the level of tensile stresses and energy consumption as a result of joint closure, the risk of concrete cracking and dam destruction is greatly reduced.

References:

Ahmadi, M., Izadinia, M., & Bachmann, H. (2001). Discrete crack joint model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of concrete arch dam. Computers & Structures - COMPUT STRUCT, 79, 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00148-6

Alembagheri, M., & Ghaemian, M. (2013). Damage assessment of a concrete arch dam through nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 44, 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.09.010

Buffi, G., Manciola, P., De Lorenzis, L., Cavalagli, N., Comodini, F., Gusella, V., Mezzi, M., Niemeier, W., Tamagnini, C., & Gambi, A. (2020). Dynamic analysis of concrete arch-gravity dams: the case of Ridracoli.
Dowling, M. J. A. Hall., J.F. (1987). Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Arch Dams”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics. ASCE, 115(4), 768-789.

Dehghani M., & Aghajanzadeh H. M. (2019). Seismic response of concrete arch dams due to different non-uniform ground motion models Document Type : Case Study. Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.52547/NMCE.4.2.55
Dowling, M.J. & Hall, J.F. (1987). Nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE. 115(4): 768-789.

Fadaei Tehrani, M. R., & Rahimzade Rofooei, F. (2005a). Evaluation of the Seismic Response of Concrete Arch Dam Including the Foundation Mass. ICOLD.

Fadaei Tehrani, M. R., & Rahimzade Rofooei F. (2005b). Investigating the Seismic Response of the Concrete Arch Dam Subjected to Near Field Earthquake. ICOLD.

Fadaei Tehrani, M. R., & Ghaemian M. (2008). Seismic analysis of arched concrete dams considering the foundation mass under the influence of earthquakes near the fault, PhD thesis, . Sharif University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering.

Fadaei Tehrani, M.R. (2023a). Analysis and evaluation of water governance in Iran based on the suggested principles of OECD. Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Poweplant, Under press.

Fadaei Tehrani, M. R. (2023b). Analysis and stratification of hydropolitic challenges of Iran's border rivers. Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Poweplant, Under press.

Fenves, G., & Chopra, A.K. (1984). Earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams including reservoir bottom absorption and dam-water-foundation rock interaction. Earthquake Engineering and Structured Dynamics. 12(5): 663-680.

Fenves, G., & Chopra, A.K. (1985). EAGD-84 : A computer program for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams”, Report No. UCB/EERC 84-11, University of California, Berkeley.

Fenves, G. L., Mojtahedi, S., & Reimer, R. B. (1989). ADAP88: A computer program for nonlinear earthquake analysis of concrete arch dams. Report No. EERC 89-12. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

Fenves G.L., & Mojtahedi (1992). Effects of contraction joints on earthquake response of an arch dam. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 118(4).

Gomes, J., & Lemos, J. (2020). Characterization of the dynamic behavior of a concrete arch dam by means of forced vibration tests and numerical models. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 49. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3259

Hesari, M., Ghaemian, M., & Shamsai, A. (2015). Advanced Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Arch Dams considering Joints Effects. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 6, 587263-587263. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/587263

Hohberg, J. M. (1992). A Joint Element for the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Arch Dams. Report No. 186, Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Izadinia, M. (2008). Nonlinear dynamic analysis of arched concrete dam considering tensile-shear failure of joints. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University.

Karimi Shahi Farm, G. A. (1375). Dynamic Analysis of Arched Concrete Dams (Case Study of Karoon III Dam). Sharif University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering.

Kuo, J. S. H. (1982). Joint opening nonlinear mechanism: interface smeared crack model. University of California, College of Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Center.

Liang, H., Tu, J., Guo, S., Liao, J., Li, D., & Peng, S. (2020). Seismic fragility analysis of a High Arch Dam-Foundation System based on seismic instability failure mode. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 130, 105981. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105981

Lotfi, V. (2000). Investigation of nonlinear dynamic behavior of arched concrete dams. Scientific Research Council of the country, National Research Program, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amir Kabir University of Technology.

Lotfollahi-yaghin, M., & Hesari, M.A. (2008). Dynamic analysis of the arch concrete dam under earthquake force with ABAQUS. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.2648.2658

MahinKhaki, N., Hoseyni, S. M., & Fadaei Tehrani, M. R. (2015). Estimation of the Sismic Response of Concerete Dams Using Support Vector Machine [Research]. Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Powerplant, 2(6), 12-19. http://journal.hydropower.org.ir/article-1-43-fa.html

Monteiro Azevedo, N. (2015). Dynamic analysis of concrete dams: fluid structure displacement based interaction models. Dam Engineering, Vol XXV, 1-20.
Norozian, B. (1995). Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Concrete Arch Dams. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University.

Niwa, A., & Clough, R.W. (1982). Non-linear seismic response of arch dams”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 10, 267-281.

Omidi O., & Rahimzadeh, F. (2008). Investigation of the behavior of contraction joints in the seismic response of arched concrete dams. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology.

Radin, E. (2008). Investigation of nonlinear dynamic behavior of arched concrete dams. PhD thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amir Kabir University of Technology.

Rahimzadeh, F., & Omidi, O. (2002). Investigation of the effects of non-linear behavior of concrete on the seismic response of arched concrete dams. The first conference on safety and improvement of structures, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/629

Rezaiee-Pajand, M., Kazemiyan, S., & Sani, A. (2021). A Literature Review on Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Gravity and Arch Dams. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09564-z

Sani, A., & Lotfi, V. (2010). Dynamic analysis of concrete arch dams by ideal-coupled modal approach. Engineering Structures - ENG STRUCT, 32, 1377-1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.01.016

Sohrabi Gilani., M. & Ghaemian, M.(2004). Effect of vertical joints on the dynamic behavior of concrete dams including dam-lake interaction. Sharif University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering.

Taskov, L., & Jurukovski, D. (1988). Analytical studies of non-linear behaviour of arch dams using shaking table test results of an arch dam fragment. In 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (pp. 385-390).

Weber, B., Hohberg, J. M., & Bachmann, H. (1991). Earthquake analysis of arch dams including joint nonlinearity and fluid-structure interaction. In International conference on earthquake resistant construction and design (pp. 349-358).

Xu, Q., Xu, S., Chen, J., & Li, J. (2020). Investigation of Stochastic Seismic Response and Index Correlation of an Arch Dam Using Endurance Time Analysis Method. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, 8862869. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862869