A Fuse-Isolator-Switch Based Protection Scheme for Shipboard Electrical Distribution Systems with Zonal Configuration

Subject Areas : Power Engineering

Mehdi Mohammadzamani ¹ , Iman Sadeghkhani ² , Majid Moazzami ³

1 - Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran|Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 85141-43131, Iran
2 - Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran|Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 85141-43131, Iran
3 - Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran|Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 85141-43131, Iran

Received: 2023-03-02 Accepted : 2023-04-15 Published : 2023-08-23

Keywords: fuse-isolator-switch, Fault isolation, grounding system, Protection coordination, shipboard electrical system,

Abstract :

The need for high reliability of modern ships has led to the development of a zonal structure for their electrical distribution systems. One of the most important challenges of the electric distribution systems of modern ships with a zonal structure is their protection in the event of a fault to maintain stability and reliability at an acceptable level. Failure to detect the fault and to isolate the faulty section at the proper time has disastrous consequences for the shipboard electrical system. This paper aims to present an effective protection scheme for all equipment of the hybrid AC/DC distribution system of ships with a zonal structure. In the proposed scheme, protection against single-phase to ground faults is performed using a high-resistance grounding system and timer, while the current of two-phase and three-phase faults is cleared using the fuse-isolator-switches. The use of a high-resistance grounding system allows uninterrupted operation of the ship's electrical system when single-phase to ground faults occur. Due to not using protective relays, the cost of the proposed scheme implementation is low. The proposed protection scheme includes primary and backup protections and does not require communication infrastructure. Also, all equipment of the ship's electrical system including generator, propulsion motor, busbar, feeder, line, load, and direct current system are considered in the proposed scheme. The coordinate operation of the developed protection scheme is assessed on the ETAP simulation model of a test zonal electrical system of the ship.

References:

1. T. Zhou, Q. Hu, Z. Hu, and R. Zhen, “An adaptive hyper parameter tuning model for ship fuel consumption prediction under complex maritime environments,” Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 255-263, 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JOES.2021.08.007.


2. J. Barreiro, S. Zaragoza, and V. Diaz-Casas, “Review of ship energy efficiency,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 257, p.111594, 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2022.111594.


3. H. Daniel, J.P.F. Trovão, and D. Williams, “Shore power as a first step toward shipping decarbonization and related policy impact on a dry bulk cargo carrier,” eTransportation, vol. 11, p. 100150, 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.ETRAN.2021.100150.


4. J. Hou, J. Sun, and H.F. Hofmann, “Mitigating power fluctuations in electric ship propulsion with hybrid energy storage system: Design and analysis,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 43, no. 1, pp.93-107, 2017, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2017.2674878.


5. K.L. Butler, N.D.R. Sarma, C. Whitcomb, H. Do Carmo, and H. Zhang, “Shipboard systems deploy automated protection,” IEEE Computer Applications in Power, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 31-36, Apr. 1998, doi: 10.1109/67.659624.


6. G. Ulissi, S.Y. Lee, D. Dujic, “Solid-state bus-tie switch for shipboard power distribution networks,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 6, pp. 1253–1264, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2020.2996776.


7. N. Bayati, H.R. Baghaee, A. Hajizadeh, and M. Soltani, “Localized protection of radial DC microgrids with high penetration of constant power loads,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, pp. 4145–4156, 2020, DOI:10.1109/JSYST.2020.2998059.


8. N. Bayati, F. Aghaee, and S.H. Sadeghi, “The adaptive and robust power system protection schemes in the presence of DGs,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 9, pp. 732–740, 2019, doi: 10.20508/IJRER.V9I2.9154.G7642.


9. Y. Wang, Z. Xu, and D. Wu, “Coordination between inverter short-circuit characteristics and overcurrent protection for shipboard electrical systems,” in IEEE 2nd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), pp. 2634–2638, 2017, doi: 10.1109/IAEAC.2017.8054502.


10. Y. Gong, Y. Huang, and N.N. Schulz, “Integrated Protection System Design for Shipboard Power System,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1930- 1936, Nov 2008, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2008.2006320.


11. J. Tang and P. McLaren, “A wide area differential backup protection scheme for shipboard application,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1183–1190, 2006, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.860272.


12. M. Babaei, J. Shi, and S. Abdelwahed, “A survey on fault detection, isolation, and reconfiguration methods in electric ship power systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 9430–9441, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2798505.


13. E. Christopher, M. Sumner, D.W.P. Thomas, X. Wang, and F. de Wildt, “Fault location in a zonal DC marine power system using active impedance estimation,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 860–865, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2243391.


14. W. Li, A. Monti, and F. Ponci, “Fault detection and classification in medium voltage DC shipboard power systems with wavelets and artificial neural networks,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 2651–2665, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2014.2313035.


15. O.A. Amoda and N.N. Schulz, “An adaptive protection scheme for shipboard power systems,” in IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, pp. 225–230, 2007, doi: 10.1109/ESTS.2007.372090.


16. M. Fang, L. Fu, Z. Ye, and L. Hu, “Intelligent protection system design for shipboard power system,” in International Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection, vol. 2, pp. 1562–1567, 2011, doi: 10.1109/ESTS.2005.1524681.


17. J. Wang, M. Sumner, D. Thomas, and R. Geertsma, “Active fault protection for an AC zonal marine power system,” IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, vol. 1, pp. 156–166(10), Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1109/08IAS.2008.282.


18. D. Whitehead and N. Fischer, “Advanced Commercial Power System Protection Practices Applied to Naval Medium Voltage Power Systems,” in IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, Aug. 2005, doi:10.1109/ESTS.2005.1524713.


19. H. Douglas, P. Pillay, and T. Ortmeyer, “The application of wavelets to shipboard power system protection,” in IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, pp. 432–436, 2005, doi: 10.1109/ESTS.2005.1524711.