MAS Based Intelligent Protection Coordination Scheme for Distribution Network with Distributed Generation

Subject Areas : Power Engineering

Mahmoud Hojjati ¹ , Majid Tavoosi ^{2 *} , Mohammad Reza Yousefi ³ , Ghazanfar Shahgholian ⁴ , Ali Reza seifi ⁵

1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 - Department of Skills and Entrepreneurship, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.|Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
4 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.|Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
5 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Received: 2022-03-04 Accepted : 2022-07-18 Published : 2022-08-23

Keywords: Protection coordination, Distributed Generation (DG), Distribution Network (DN), Multi Agent System (MAS),

Abstract :

The rapid growth of grid-connected embedded distributed generations (DGs) is changing the operational characteristics of distribution networks (DNs). In order to implement DNs with DGs, some challenges should be faced, especially concerning protection issues, that may make conventional protection schemes ineffective. MAS techniques can enable the power grid to becomes smarter, reliable, selfhealing, and robust. Its decentralized nature and operational robustness make the MAS application a leading technology. Despite the fast, reliable and multi-purpose operation of MAS-based protection schemes, the inherent delay or failure of communication system must not affect the vital role of fault clearing, i.e., the ever-increasing DGs in DNs as well as network size increase has resulted in a heavy communication burden yielding to delay or even failure in communication. In this paper, an Intelligent protection algorithm is presented that protect the grid, when the connection between agents is lost, by using point-to-point communication between relay agents in the first layer of the MAS. Reduction of the agents used and no need to connect to the higher layers of the MAS  are the benefits of this method. For simulation, 16 bus Test DN is used, that The results confirm the applicability of the proposed model for grid protection coordination.

References:

1.  

1. A. M. R. Lede, M. G. Molina, M. Martinez and P. E. Mercado, “Microgrid architectures for distributed generation: A brief review,” 2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America), 2017, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2017.8126746.


2.  Y. K. Wu, C. Y. Lee, L. C. Liu and S. H. Tsai, “Study of Reconfiguration for the Distribution System With Distributed Generators,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1678-1685, July 2010, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2046339.


3. P. H. A. Barra, D.V. Coury, R.A.S. Fernandes, “A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 118, pp. 2-16, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109524.


4. M. Meskin, A. Domijan and I. Grinberg, “Impact of distributed generation on the protection systems of distribution networks: analysis and remedies – review paper,” IET Generation Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, pp. 5944-5960, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1652.


5. D. S. Kumar, D. Srinivasan and T. Reindl, “A Fast and Scalable Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 67-75, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2464107.


6. R. K. Varma, S. A. Rahman, V. Atodaria, S. Mohan and T. Vanderheide, “Technique for Fast Detection of Short Circuit Current in PV Distributed Generator,” in IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 155-165, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2592465.


7. B. Fani, H. Bisheh and A. Karami-Horestani, “An offline penetration-free protection scheme for PV-dominated distribution systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 157, pp. 1-9, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.11.020.


8.  K. A. Saleh, H. H. Zeineldin, A. Al-Hinai and E. F. El-Saadany, “Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using a New Time–Current–Voltage Characteristic,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 537-544, April 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2341666.


9. B. Hussain, S. M. Sharkh, S. Hussain and M. A. Abusara, “An Adaptive Relaying Scheme for Fuse Saving in Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 669-677, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2224675.


10. A. Sinclair, D. Finney, D. Martin and P. Sharma, “Distance Protection in Distribution Systems: How It Assists With Integrating Distributed Resources,” in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 2186-2196, May-June 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2288426.


11. P. H. Shah and B. R. Bhalja, “New adaptive digital relaying scheme to tackle recloser–fuse miscoordination during distributed generation interconnections,” IET Generation Transmission & Distribution, vol. 8, pp. 682-688. Apr. 2014, doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0222.


12. H. C. Jo, S. K. Joo and K. Lee, “Optimal Placement of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) for Protection of an Electric Power System with Distributed Generations (DGs),” in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 5600304-5600304, June 2013, Art no. 5600304, doi: 10.1109/TASC.2012.2232958.


13. S. M. Brahma and A. A. Girgis, “Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 56-63, Jan. 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820204.


14. V. Telukunta, J. Pradhan, A. Agrawal, M. Singh and S. G. Srivani, “Protection challenges under bulk penetration of renewable energy resources in power systems: A review,” in CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 365-379, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00030.


15. A. Darwish, A.S. Abdel-Khalik, A. Elserougi, S. Ahmed and A. Massoud, “Fault current contribution scenarios for grid-connected voltage source inverter-based distributed generation with an LCL filter,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 104, pp. 93-103, Nov. 2013, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2013.06.020.


16. A. A. Shobole and M. Wadi, “Multiagent systems application for the smart grid protection, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,” vol. 149, pp. 3-15, Oct. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111352.


17. P. H. A. Barra, D.V. Coury and R.A.S. Fernandes, “A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 118, pp. 1-16, Feb. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109524.


18. S. F. Zarei and S. Khankalantary, “Protection of active distribution networks with conventional and inverter-based distributed generators,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 129, pp. 1-13, Jol. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106746.


19. J. Kennedy, P. Ciufo and A. Agalgaonkar, “A review of protection systems for distribution networks embedded with renewable generation,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 58, pp. 1308-1317, May 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.258..


20. E. Abbaspour, B. Fani and A. Karami-Horestani, “Adaptive scheme protecting renewable-dominated micro-grids against usual topology-change events,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 15, pp. 1–13, May 2021, doi: 10.1049/rpg2.12193.


21. G. Zhabelova and V. Vyatkin, “Multiagent Smart Grid Automation Architecture Based on IEC 61850/61499 Intelligent Logical Nodes,” in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2351-2362, May 2012, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2167891.


22. S. D. J. McArthur et al., “Multi-Agent Systems for Power Engineering Applications—Part I: Concepts, Approaches, and Technical Challenges,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1743-1752, Nov. 2007, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.908471.


23. Z. Liu, C. Su, H. K. Høidalen and Z. Chen, “A Multiagent System-Based Protection and Control Scheme for Distribution System With Distributed-Generation Integration,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 536-545, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2585579.


24. W. K. A. Najy, H. H. Zeineldin and W. L. Woon, “Optimal Protection Coordination for Microgrids With Grid-Connected and Islanded Capability,” in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1668-1677, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2192893.


25. H. Wan, K. K. Li and K. P. Wong, “An Adaptive Multiagent Approach to Protection Relay Coordination With Distributed Generators in Industrial Power Distribution System,” in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 2118-2124, Sept.-Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2059492.