Role of Gender in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor level of Serum and its Response to Exercise
Subject Areas :
Sport Sciences Quarterly
mehdi yadegari
1
,
aliasghar ravsiaa
2
*
,
abbasali gaeini
3
,
hajar pakmanesh
4
,
parinaz mosdegh
5
1 - دکتری تخصصی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
2 - استاد، دکترای تخصصی فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، دکترای تخصصی فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
5 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
Received: 2021-07-06
Accepted : 2021-07-06
Published : 2021-01-20
Keywords:
gender,
angiogenesis,
Aerobic exercise,
Aerobic power,
Growth factor,
Abstract :
Men and women have significant differences in performance indicators and their response to exercise stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in the process of angiogenesis and is one of the factors promoting aerobic capacity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender in serum VEGF levels and its response to exercise. For this purpose 11 non- athletes male and 11 non- athletes Female (23/8 , 22/63 years) Were selected and performed a single bout of progressive aerobic exercise. Blood samples was collected before, immediately and 2 hours post exercise and serum VEGF levels were measured by ELISA kit. ANOVA test (Repeated Measures) and independent t test were used to data analysis. The results showed that the serum VEGF level of women at rest was significantly higher than men (P = 0.002), while this difference was not observed immediately (P = 0.052) and two hours after exercise (P = 0.07). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that at rest, women have a higher level of vascular endothelial growth factor than men but in response to exercise stress men experience greater increase in serum VEGF.
References:
Andreasson AN, Undén AL, Elofsson S, Brismar K. (2012). Leptin and adiponectin: distribution and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women of the general population. American Journal of Human Biology. 24(5):595-601.
Ballak SB, Busé-Pot T, Harding PJ, Yap MH, Deldicque L, de Haan A, et al. (2016). Blunted angiogenesis and hypertrophy are associated with increased fatigue resistance and unchanged aerobic capacity in old overloaded mouse muscle. Age. 38(2):39.
Bazzano LA, Gu D, Whelton MR, Wu X, Chen CS, Duan X, et al. (2010). Body mass index and risk of stroke among Chinese men and women. Annals of neurology. 67(1):11-20.
Brixius K, Schoenberger S, Ladage D, Knigge H, Falkowski G, Hellmich M, et al. (2008). Long-term endurance exercise decreases antiangiogenic endostatin signalling in overweight men aged 50–60 years. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 42(2):126-9.
Brunelli A, Dimauro I, Sgrò P, Emerenziani GP, Magi F, Baldari C, et al. (2012). Acute exercise modulates BDNF and pro-BDNF protein content in immune cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 44:1871-80.
Cao Y. Angiogenesis modulates adipogenesis and obesity. (2007). The Journal of clinical investigation. 117(9):2362-8.
De Oliveira MFMd, Caputo F, Corvino RB, Denadai BS. (2016). Short‐term low‐intensity blood flow restricted interval training improves both aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 26(9):1017-25.
Fielding RA, Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fisher EC, Evans W. (1997). The reproducibility of the Bruce protocol exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity in older women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 29(8):1109-13.
Gavin TP, Robinson CB, Yeager RC, England JA, Nifong LW, Hickner RC. (2004). Angiogenic growth factor response to acute systemic exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 96(1):19-24.
Goldfarb AH, McKenzie MJ, Bloomer RJ. (2007). Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 32(6):1124-31.
Hedström AK, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. (2012). High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 18(9):1334-6.
Hiscock N, Fischer CP, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK. Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression and arteriovenous balance in response to prolonged, submaximal exercise in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2003;285(4):H1759-H63.
Höffner L, Nielsen JJ, Langberg H, Hellsten Y. (2003). Exercise but not prostanoids enhance levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and other proliferative agents in human skeletal muscle interstitium. The Journal of physiology. 550(1):217-25.
Hu N, Kong L-s, Chen H, Li W-d, Qian A-m, Wang X-y, et al. (2015). Autophagy protein 5 enhances the function of rat EPCs and promotes EPCs homing and thrombus recanalization via activating AKT. Thrombosis research. 136(3):642-51.
Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D. (2003). Modulation of placental vascular endothelial growth factor by leptin and hCG. Molecular human reproduction. 9(7):395-8.
Kraus RM, Stallings HW, Yeager RC, Gavin TP. (2004). Circulating plasma VEGF response to exercise in sedentary and endurance-trained men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 96(4):1445-50.
Lappalainen Z, Lappalainen J, Oksala N, Laaksonen D, Khanna S, Sen C, et al. (2010). Exercise training and experimental diabetes modulate heat shock protein response in brain. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2010;20(1):83-9.
Lee J, Kim J-H, Biter AB, Sielaff B, Lee S, Tsai FT. (2013). Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is an activator of the Hsp104 motor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110(21):8513-8.
Loebig M, Klement J, Schmoller A, Betz S, Heuck N, Schweiger U, et al. (2010). Evidence for a relationship between VEGF and BMI independent of insulin sensitivity by glucose clamp procedure in a homogenous group healthy young men. PLoS One. 5(9):e12610.
Malamitsi-Puchner A, Tziotis J, Tsonou A, Protonotariou E, Sarandakou A, Creatsas G. (2000). Changes in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in males and females throughout life. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 7(5):309-12.
Makey KL, Patterson SG, Robinson J, Loftin M, Waddell DE, Miele L, et al. (2013). Increased plasma levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (sFlt-1) in women by moderate exercise and increased plasma levels of VEGF in overweight/obese women. European journal of cancer prevention: the Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 22(1):83.
Maynard SE, Karumanchi SA, editors. (2011). Angiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Seminars in nephrology; Elsevier.
Milaneschi Y, Simonsick EM, Vogelzangs N, Strotmeyer ES, Yaffe K, Harris TB, et al. (2012). Leptin, abdominal obesity and onset of depression in older men and women. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 73(9):1205.
MYAARSC. (2017). Vascular endothelial growth factor and cortisol hormone responses to a single bout of high intensity interval exercise and correlation among serum levels. Sporting of Biological Sciences.
Nourshahi M, Hedayati M, Ranjbar K.(2012). The correlation between resting serum leptin and serum angiogenic indices at rest and after submaximal exercise. Regulatory peptides. 173(1):6-12.
Nourshahi M., Nemati J., Ranjbar K., Gholamali M. (2012). Effect of 8 weeks endurance training on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in Wistar rats. Koomesh. 13(4):474 - 9.
Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K. (2005). AMP-activated protein kinase signaling stimulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Circulation research. 96(8):838-46.
Plowman SA, Smith DL. (2013). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
Powers SK, Jackson MJ. (2008). Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiological reviews. 88(4):1243-76.
Ranjbar K1 NM, Hedayati M2, Taheri Chadorneshin H.1. (2011) Effect of Gender and Physical Activity on Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor at Rest And Response to Submaximal Exercise. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 13(3):294-300
Ravasi A. A., Choobineh S. (2016). Comparison of two types of physical activity on response serum VEGF-A, non-athletic men. Sporting of Biological Sciences. 6(1):41-56.
Rundqvist H, Wågsäter D, Fischer H, Eriksson P, Sundberg CJ, et al. (2007). A single bout of exercise activates matrix metalloproteinase in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 102(6):2346-51.
Scott W, Arleigh J, Lawrence K. (2005). Gender Differences in Baseline Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Plasma of Alaskan Sled Dog. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 1(2):111-4.
Shadmehr Mirdar Gh, Yadegari M. (2018). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and the pulmonary vascular volume Tracking, after 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training. Sporting of Biological Sciences.
Suhr F, Brixius K, de Marées M, Bölck B, Kleinöder H, Achtzehn S, et al. (2007). Effects of short-term vibration and hypoxia during high-intensity cycling exercise on circulating levels of angiogenic regulators in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 103(2):474-83.
Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton Lr, Atkinson E, O’fallon W, Riggs B, et al. (2001). Role of serum leptin, insulin, and estrogen levels as potential mediators of the relationship between fat mass and bone mineral density in men versus women. Bone. 29(2):114-20.
Valladares D, Quezada C, Montecinos P, Yañez A, Sobrevia L, San Martín R. (2008). Adenosine A 2B receptor mediates an increase on VEGF-A production in rat kidney glomeruli. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 366(1):180-5.
Van Craenenbroeck EM, Hoymans VY, Beckers PJ, Possemiers NM, Wuyts K, Paelinck BP, et al. (2010). Exercise training improves function of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with chronic heart failure. Basic research in cardiology. 105(5):665-76.
Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vrints CJ, Haine SE, Vermeulen K, Goovaerts I, Van Tendeloo VF, et al. (2008). A maximal exercise bout increases the number of circulating CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Relation with lipid profile. Journal of Applied Physiology. 104(4):1006-13.
Weber CL, Chia M, Inbar O. (2006). Gender differences in anaerobic power of the arms and legs-a scaling issue. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 38(1):129.
Wiecek M, Szymura J, Maciejczyk M, Cempla J, Szygula Z. (2016). Effect of sex and menstrual cycle in women on starting speed, anaerobic endurance and muscle power. Acta Physiologica Hungarica. 103(1):127-32.
Zwetsloot KA, Westerkamp LM, Holmes BF, Gavin TP. (2008). AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise. The Journal of physiology. 586(24):6021-35.
_||_
Andreasson AN, Undén AL, Elofsson S, Brismar K. (2012). Leptin and adiponectin: distribution and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women of the general population. American Journal of Human Biology. 24(5):595-601.
Ballak SB, Busé-Pot T, Harding PJ, Yap MH, Deldicque L, de Haan A, et al. (2016). Blunted angiogenesis and hypertrophy are associated with increased fatigue resistance and unchanged aerobic capacity in old overloaded mouse muscle. Age. 38(2):39.
Bazzano LA, Gu D, Whelton MR, Wu X, Chen CS, Duan X, et al. (2010). Body mass index and risk of stroke among Chinese men and women. Annals of neurology. 67(1):11-20.
Brixius K, Schoenberger S, Ladage D, Knigge H, Falkowski G, Hellmich M, et al. (2008). Long-term endurance exercise decreases antiangiogenic endostatin signalling in overweight men aged 50–60 years. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 42(2):126-9.
Brunelli A, Dimauro I, Sgrò P, Emerenziani GP, Magi F, Baldari C, et al. (2012). Acute exercise modulates BDNF and pro-BDNF protein content in immune cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 44:1871-80.
Cao Y. Angiogenesis modulates adipogenesis and obesity. (2007). The Journal of clinical investigation. 117(9):2362-8.
De Oliveira MFMd, Caputo F, Corvino RB, Denadai BS. (2016). Short‐term low‐intensity blood flow restricted interval training improves both aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 26(9):1017-25.
Fielding RA, Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fisher EC, Evans W. (1997). The reproducibility of the Bruce protocol exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity in older women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 29(8):1109-13.
Gavin TP, Robinson CB, Yeager RC, England JA, Nifong LW, Hickner RC. (2004). Angiogenic growth factor response to acute systemic exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 96(1):19-24.
Goldfarb AH, McKenzie MJ, Bloomer RJ. (2007). Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 32(6):1124-31.
Hedström AK, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. (2012). High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 18(9):1334-6.
Hiscock N, Fischer CP, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK. Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression and arteriovenous balance in response to prolonged, submaximal exercise in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2003;285(4):H1759-H63.
Höffner L, Nielsen JJ, Langberg H, Hellsten Y. (2003). Exercise but not prostanoids enhance levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and other proliferative agents in human skeletal muscle interstitium. The Journal of physiology. 550(1):217-25.
Hu N, Kong L-s, Chen H, Li W-d, Qian A-m, Wang X-y, et al. (2015). Autophagy protein 5 enhances the function of rat EPCs and promotes EPCs homing and thrombus recanalization via activating AKT. Thrombosis research. 136(3):642-51.
Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D. (2003). Modulation of placental vascular endothelial growth factor by leptin and hCG. Molecular human reproduction. 9(7):395-8.
Kraus RM, Stallings HW, Yeager RC, Gavin TP. (2004). Circulating plasma VEGF response to exercise in sedentary and endurance-trained men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 96(4):1445-50.
Lappalainen Z, Lappalainen J, Oksala N, Laaksonen D, Khanna S, Sen C, et al. (2010). Exercise training and experimental diabetes modulate heat shock protein response in brain. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2010;20(1):83-9.
Lee J, Kim J-H, Biter AB, Sielaff B, Lee S, Tsai FT. (2013). Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is an activator of the Hsp104 motor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110(21):8513-8.
Loebig M, Klement J, Schmoller A, Betz S, Heuck N, Schweiger U, et al. (2010). Evidence for a relationship between VEGF and BMI independent of insulin sensitivity by glucose clamp procedure in a homogenous group healthy young men. PLoS One. 5(9):e12610.
Malamitsi-Puchner A, Tziotis J, Tsonou A, Protonotariou E, Sarandakou A, Creatsas G. (2000). Changes in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in males and females throughout life. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 7(5):309-12.
Makey KL, Patterson SG, Robinson J, Loftin M, Waddell DE, Miele L, et al. (2013). Increased plasma levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (sFlt-1) in women by moderate exercise and increased plasma levels of VEGF in overweight/obese women. European journal of cancer prevention: the Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 22(1):83.
Maynard SE, Karumanchi SA, editors. (2011). Angiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Seminars in nephrology; Elsevier.
Milaneschi Y, Simonsick EM, Vogelzangs N, Strotmeyer ES, Yaffe K, Harris TB, et al. (2012). Leptin, abdominal obesity and onset of depression in older men and women. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 73(9):1205.
MYAARSC. (2017). Vascular endothelial growth factor and cortisol hormone responses to a single bout of high intensity interval exercise and correlation among serum levels. Sporting of Biological Sciences.
Nourshahi M, Hedayati M, Ranjbar K.(2012). The correlation between resting serum leptin and serum angiogenic indices at rest and after submaximal exercise. Regulatory peptides. 173(1):6-12.
Nourshahi M., Nemati J., Ranjbar K., Gholamali M. (2012). Effect of 8 weeks endurance training on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in Wistar rats. Koomesh. 13(4):474 - 9.
Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K. (2005). AMP-activated protein kinase signaling stimulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Circulation research. 96(8):838-46.
Plowman SA, Smith DL. (2013). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
Powers SK, Jackson MJ. (2008). Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiological reviews. 88(4):1243-76.
Ranjbar K1 NM, Hedayati M2, Taheri Chadorneshin H.1. (2011) Effect of Gender and Physical Activity on Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor at Rest And Response to Submaximal Exercise. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 13(3):294-300
Ravasi A. A., Choobineh S. (2016). Comparison of two types of physical activity on response serum VEGF-A, non-athletic men. Sporting of Biological Sciences. 6(1):41-56.
Rundqvist H, Wågsäter D, Fischer H, Eriksson P, Sundberg CJ, et al. (2007). A single bout of exercise activates matrix metalloproteinase in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 102(6):2346-51.
Scott W, Arleigh J, Lawrence K. (2005). Gender Differences in Baseline Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Plasma of Alaskan Sled Dog. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 1(2):111-4.
Shadmehr Mirdar Gh, Yadegari M. (2018). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and the pulmonary vascular volume Tracking, after 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training. Sporting of Biological Sciences.
Suhr F, Brixius K, de Marées M, Bölck B, Kleinöder H, Achtzehn S, et al. (2007). Effects of short-term vibration and hypoxia during high-intensity cycling exercise on circulating levels of angiogenic regulators in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 103(2):474-83.
Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton Lr, Atkinson E, O’fallon W, Riggs B, et al. (2001). Role of serum leptin, insulin, and estrogen levels as potential mediators of the relationship between fat mass and bone mineral density in men versus women. Bone. 29(2):114-20.
Valladares D, Quezada C, Montecinos P, Yañez A, Sobrevia L, San Martín R. (2008). Adenosine A 2B receptor mediates an increase on VEGF-A production in rat kidney glomeruli. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 366(1):180-5.
Van Craenenbroeck EM, Hoymans VY, Beckers PJ, Possemiers NM, Wuyts K, Paelinck BP, et al. (2010). Exercise training improves function of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with chronic heart failure. Basic research in cardiology. 105(5):665-76.
Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vrints CJ, Haine SE, Vermeulen K, Goovaerts I, Van Tendeloo VF, et al. (2008). A maximal exercise bout increases the number of circulating CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Relation with lipid profile. Journal of Applied Physiology. 104(4):1006-13.
Weber CL, Chia M, Inbar O. (2006). Gender differences in anaerobic power of the arms and legs-a scaling issue. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 38(1):129.
Wiecek M, Szymura J, Maciejczyk M, Cempla J, Szygula Z. (2016). Effect of sex and menstrual cycle in women on starting speed, anaerobic endurance and muscle power. Acta Physiologica Hungarica. 103(1):127-32.
Zwetsloot KA, Westerkamp LM, Holmes BF, Gavin TP. (2008). AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise. The Journal of physiology. 586(24):6021-35.
