Sociological analysis of women's presence in stadiums with emphasis on vandalism

Subject Areas : Sport Sciences Quarterly

Fariba Madadi ¹ , Bahram Ghadimi ^{2 *} , Shiva Azaadfada ³ , Shahla Hojat ⁴

1 - Ph.D. Student in Sports Sociology, Department of Sociology and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - دانشیار، گروه جامعه شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
3 - Physical Education Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch
4 - Ph.D Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Management, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Received: 2022-03-07 Published : 2024-09-06

Keywords: Sports, Sports Stadiums, Spectators, Women, Vandalism,

Abstract :

This research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this study consists of all fans (men and women) of the Persepolis Football Club in Tehran. The first (Delphi technique) was selected by purposive sampling and 384 people in the second stage (questionnaire section) were selected by cluster sampling. Based on the results of the agreement coefficient test, the agreement in the first round of Delphi was an acceptable number and equal to 0.79, and in the second round, this value did not change much and was equal to 0.81. Therefore, due to theoretical saturation, it was decided to cut Delphi rounds. The questionnaire was obtained from the Delphi technique after determining face validity (10 professors of sociology and sports management were determined) and content validity (above 0.61) and instrument reliability (with Cronbach's alpha test, 0.92), and structural validity (Using confirmatory factor analysis, 0.51 was reported) was divided among the statistical sample. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data exploratory factor analysis was used for inferential statistics and structural equations were used to test the hypotheses using software (AMOS). Findings showed that socio-cultural, managerial, security, political, and infrastructural factors have a positive and significant effect on the presence of women in stadiums. The results also showed that the presence of women in the stadium has a negative and significant effect on vandalism.