The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on colonic mucosa morphometry and diarrhea caused by castor oil in male rats
Subject Areas : zoologyMohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri 1 , Lotfollah Khajehpour 2 , Maliheh Mohammadi 3
1 - PhD. Student, Animal physiology, Department of biology, Shahid Chamran University
of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Animal physiology, Department of biology, Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - PhD. Student, Animal physiology, Department of biology, Shahid Chamran University
of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Keywords: Castor oil, Colon mucosa morphometry, Diphenoxylate, Diarrhea, Male rats, Ocimum basilicum hydroalcoholic extract,
Abstract :
Objectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P Results: Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent. Conclusion: The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness.
Casburn-Jones AC & Farthing MJG. Management of infectious diarrhea. Gut. 2004; 53(2): 296-305.
Achnine L, Blancaflor EB, Rasmussen S & Dixon RA. Colocalization of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase for metabolic channeling in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The Plant Cell. 2004; 16.
Amrani S, Harnafi H, Bouanani Nel H, Aziz M,Caid HS, Manfredini S, Besco E, Napolitano M & Bravo E. Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous Ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by triton WR-1339 in rats and its antioxidant property. Phytother. Res. 2006; 20: 1040-5.
Amrani, S & et al. Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by triton WR‐1339 in rats and its antioxidant property. Phytotherapy Research. 2006; 2(12): 1040-1045
Bai J. Malabsorption syndromes. Digestion.1998; 59(5): 530-46.
Chiang LC & et al. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.2005; 50(21): 5878-5883.
de Almeida I & et al. Antigiardial activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil. Parasitology research. 2007; 101(2): 443-452
Elisabetsky E, Brum LF & Souza DO. Anticonvulsant properties of linalool in glutamatrelated seizure models. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(2): 107-13.
Ghasemi Dehkordi A. Iranian Herbal Pharmacopeia. Vol. 1-2. Tehran: Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Training Publication. 2002: 470.[In Persian]
Gulcin I, Elmastas M & Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies. Phytother. Res. 2007; 21: 354-61.
Jonh AB& et al.Solanum paniculatum root extract reduces diarrhea in rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2016; 26: 375-378.
Katiyar NS, Singh AP & Saravanan K. Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhoeal Potential of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Sanctum Linn. in Expetimental Rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015; 6(11): 4804-09.
Amin F, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi F, Rezazadeh H, Hakimizadeh E, Mashayekhimazar J & et al . Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium, Descurainia sophia and Artemisia aucheri on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in male rat.
J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2015; 17(3): 84-92
Sarowar Hossain M, Badrul Alam M, Asadujjaman Ronok Zahan M, Monirul Islam M, Ehsanul H & Mazumder Md. Ekramul Haque, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant and AntimicrobialActivities of the Musa sapientum Seed. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology. 2011; 3(2): 95-105.
Mohanjit K, Amarjeet S & Bimlesh K. Comparative antidiarrheal and antiulcer effect of the aqueous and ethanolic stem bark extracts of Tinospora cordifolia in rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmacological and research. 2014; 5(3): 122-128.
Nakhaei, MM & et al. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens). Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2006; 9: 2887-2891.
Odo Christian E, Nwodo Okwesili FC, Joshua Parker E, & Ugwu Okechukwu PC. Acute Toxicity Investigation and Anti-diarrhoeal Effect of the Chloroform-Methanol Extract of the Leaves of Persea Americana. Iran Journal of Pharmacological Research. 2014; 13(2): 651-658.
Offiah VN & Chikwendu UA. Antidiarrhoeal effects of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 68(1-3): 327-330.
Sharma P, Vidyasagar G, Singh S, Ghule S & Kumar B. Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaf extract of celosia argentea in experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmacological and research. 2010; 1(1): 41-48.
Raskin I. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual review of plant biology. 1992; 43(1): 439-463.
Santoro GF & et al. (2007). Trypanosoma cruzi: Activity of essential oils from Achillea millefolium L., Syzygium constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology. 2007; 116(3): 90-283.
Zargari A. Iranian medicinal plants. Tehran:Tehran University; 1997.
Zoving J, Wilson JH, Valkema AJ & Woldring MG. Gastroenterology. 1997; 72(3):
406-12.
Casburn-Jones AC & Farthing MJG. Management of infectious diarrhea. Gut. 2004; 53(2): 296-305.
Achnine L, Blancaflor EB, Rasmussen S & Dixon RA. Colocalization of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase for metabolic channeling in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The Plant Cell. 2004; 16.
Amrani S, Harnafi H, Bouanani Nel H, Aziz M,Caid HS, Manfredini S, Besco E, Napolitano M & Bravo E. Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous Ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by triton WR-1339 in rats and its antioxidant property. Phytother. Res. 2006; 20: 1040-5.
Amrani, S & et al. Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by triton WR‐1339 in rats and its antioxidant property. Phytotherapy Research. 2006; 2(12): 1040-1045
Bai J. Malabsorption syndromes. Digestion.1998; 59(5): 530-46.
Chiang LC & et al. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.2005; 50(21): 5878-5883.
de Almeida I & et al. Antigiardial activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil. Parasitology research. 2007; 101(2): 443-452
Elisabetsky E, Brum LF & Souza DO. Anticonvulsant properties of linalool in glutamatrelated seizure models. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(2): 107-13.
Ghasemi Dehkordi A. Iranian Herbal Pharmacopeia. Vol. 1-2. Tehran: Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Training Publication. 2002: 470.[In Persian]
Gulcin I, Elmastas M & Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies. Phytother. Res. 2007; 21: 354-61.
Jonh AB& et al.Solanum paniculatum root extract reduces diarrhea in rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2016; 26: 375-378.
Katiyar NS, Singh AP & Saravanan K. Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhoeal Potential of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Sanctum Linn. in Expetimental Rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015; 6(11): 4804-09.
Amin F, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi F, Rezazadeh H, Hakimizadeh E, Mashayekhimazar J & et al . Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium, Descurainia sophia and Artemisia aucheri on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in male rat.
J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2015; 17(3): 84-92
Sarowar Hossain M, Badrul Alam M, Asadujjaman Ronok Zahan M, Monirul Islam M, Ehsanul H & Mazumder Md. Ekramul Haque, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant and AntimicrobialActivities of the Musa sapientum Seed. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology. 2011; 3(2): 95-105.
Mohanjit K, Amarjeet S & Bimlesh K. Comparative antidiarrheal and antiulcer effect of the aqueous and ethanolic stem bark extracts of Tinospora cordifolia in rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmacological and research. 2014; 5(3): 122-128.
Nakhaei, MM & et al. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens). Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2006; 9: 2887-2891.
Odo Christian E, Nwodo Okwesili FC, Joshua Parker E, & Ugwu Okechukwu PC. Acute Toxicity Investigation and Anti-diarrhoeal Effect of the Chloroform-Methanol Extract of the Leaves of Persea Americana. Iran Journal of Pharmacological Research. 2014; 13(2): 651-658.
Offiah VN & Chikwendu UA. Antidiarrhoeal effects of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 68(1-3): 327-330.
Sharma P, Vidyasagar G, Singh S, Ghule S & Kumar B. Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaf extract of celosia argentea in experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmacological and research. 2010; 1(1): 41-48.
Raskin I. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual review of plant biology. 1992; 43(1): 439-463.
Santoro GF & et al. (2007). Trypanosoma cruzi: Activity of essential oils from Achillea millefolium L., Syzygium constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology. 2007; 116(3): 90-283.
Zargari A. Iranian medicinal plants. Tehran:Tehran University; 1997.
Zoving J, Wilson JH, Valkema AJ & Woldring MG. Gastroenterology. 1997; 72(3):
406-12.