The Role of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment in Predicting ADHD and Aggression in Primary School Children

Subject Areas :

سمیه  نخعی ¹ (نویسنده مسئول : استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زابل، ایران.)
کوثر  داورنیا ² (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زابل، ایران.)
فاطمه  سراوانی خوشبخت ³ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زابل، ایران.)

Received: 2022-03-31 Accepted : 2022-07-17 Published : 2022-10-19

Keywords: aggression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Keywords: misbehavior,

Abstract :

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of childhood emotional misbehavior inpredicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression in primary schoolchildren. The method of this research was descriptive correlation type. The statisticalpopulation of this research included 706 students of the fifth and sixth grades of Banjarcity. A sample size of 248 people was selected based on Morgan's table. In order to collectdata, Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (1980) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderQuestionnaire, Bernstein et al. (2003) Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Bass and Perry(1992) Aggression Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data at the level ofinferential statistics, regression analysis is used, and all statistical calculations are done withthe help of SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the emotional misbehavior ofelementary school children could predict 53% of the changes in attention deficithyperactivity disorder and 66% of the changes in aggression at a level of 99%.

References:

منابع
پورمولائی، الهام ) 1400 (. اثربخشی آموزش مدیریت رفتاری والدین بر میزان نشانه های بی قراری و
بیش فعالی در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال بی قراری و بیش فعالی، ششمین کنفرانس بین المللی
پژوهش های دینی و اسلامی، حقوق، علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی
عرب خزاعی، فریبا؛ خادمی، فاطمه ) 1400 (. مروری بر تأثیر اختلال نقص توجه - بیش فعالی کودکان
بر رضایت از زندگی والدین، پنجمین کنفرانس ملی حقوق، علوم اجتماعی و انسانی، روانشناسی و
مشاوره
فرخزادیان، علی اصغر؛ کیقبادی نیا، ماندانا ) 1400 (. مقایسه جو عاطفی، کارکردهای خانوادگی،
مهارت های حل مسئله و راهبردهای مقابله ای مادران دارای کودک مبتلابه اختلال نقص توجه
بیش فعالی با مادران دارای کودک سالم، نهمین کنفرانس ملی توسعه پایدار در علوم تربیتی و
روانشناسی، مطالعات اجتماعی و فرهنگی
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. J. Commun. 28, 12–29.doi:
10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
Blumenthal, A. (2015). Child neglect I: Scope, consequences, and risk and protective
factors. CWRP Information Sheet #141E. Montreal, QC: Centre for Research on
Children and Families
Charalampous, K., Demetriou, C., Tricha, L., Ioannou, M., Georgiou, S., Nikiforou, M., et
al. (2018). The effect of parental style on bullying and cyberbullying behaviors and
the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: a longitudinal study. J. Adoles.
64, 109–123. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.003
Drechsler, R.; Brem, S.; Brandeis, D.; Grünblatt, E.; Berger, G.;Walitza, S. (2020).
ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents.
Neuropediatrics, 51, 315–335. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Dunne, A. L., Gilbert, F., Lee, S., & Daffern, M. (2018). The role of aggression related
early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in aggression in a prisoner sample.
Aggressive Behavior, 44(3), 246–256. doi:10.1002/ab.21747
Estévez, A., Ozerinjauregi, N., & Herrero-Fernández, D. (2016). Maladaptive schemas as
mediators in the relationship between child sexual abuse and displaced aggression.
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(4), 449–465. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1156207
Garofalo, C., Velotti, P., & Zavattini, G. C. (2018). Emotion regulation and aggression: The
incremental contribution of alexithymia, impulsivity, and emotion regulation facets.
Psychology of Violence, 8(4), 470–483. doi:10.1037/vio0000141
Gay, L. E., Harding, H. G., Jackson, J. L., Burns, E. E., & Baker, B. D. (2013). Attachment
style and early maladaptive schemas as mediators of the relationship between
childhood emotional abuse and intimate partner violence. Journal of Aggression,
Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(4), 408–424. doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.775982
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009).
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The
Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
İpek Şenkal Ertürk, Yasemin Kahya & Nağme Gör (2020) Childhood Emotional
Maltreatment and Aggression: The Mediator Role of the Early Maladaptive Schema
فصلنامه پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم رفتاری/ 67
Domains and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment
& Trauma, 29:1, 92-110, DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2018.1541493
Jin, G. C. H., and Wang, Y. Z. H. (2017). Childhood psychological abuse and aggression: a
multiple mediating model (Written in Chinese). Chinese J. Clin. Psychol. 25, 691–
696. doi: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.04.022
Kotch, J. B., Lewis, T., Hussey, J. M., English, D., Thompson, R., Litrownik, A. J,
Dubowitz, H. (2008). Importance of early neglect for childhood aggression.
Pediatrics, 121(4), 725–731.
Maguire, S. A., Williams, B., Naughton, A. M., Cowley, L. E., Tempest, V., Mann, M. K .
Kemp, A. M. (2015). A systematic review of the emotional, behavioral and cognitive
features exhibited by school-aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(5), 641–653
Mei, H.; Xie, R.; Li, T;. Chen, Z.; Liu, Y.; Sun, C (2022) Effect of Atomoxetine on
Behavioral Difficulties and Growth Development of Primary School Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Prospective Study. Children, 9, 212.
https //:doi.org/10.3390/children9020212
Pan, C. H., Deng, Y. L., Guan, B. Q., and Luo, X. R. (2010). Reliability and validity of
child psychological maltreatment scale (Written in Chinese). Chinese J. Clin. Psychol.
18, 463–465. doi: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2010.04.026
Shainheit, C. R., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2012). Parental alcoholism and gender as
moderators of maladaptive schema endorsement following childhood emotional
maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(4), 403–421
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Barker, E. D. (2006). Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: A
developmental perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(1),
12–19
Watkins, L. E., Schumacher, J. A., & Coffey, S. F. (2016). A preliminary investigation of
the relationship between emotion dysregulation and partner violence perpetration
among individuals with PTSD and alcohol dependence. Journal of Aggression,
Maltreatment &Trauma, 25(3), 305–314.
Yang, X., Wang, Z., Chen, H., and Liu, D. (2018). Cyberbullying perpetration among
Chinese adolescents: the role of interparental conflict, moral disengagement, and
moral identity. Children Youth Servic. Rev. 86, 256–263. doi:
10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.003
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s
guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press
Yuan, L. Y., Chen, L. L., and Pan, L. Y. (2017). Current situation of cyberbullying and its
effect on suicidal ideation in Nanning university students (Written in Chinese).
Chinese J. Sch. Health 38, 945–947. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.06.048

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Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. J. Commun. 28, 12–29.doi:
10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
Blumenthal, A. (2015). Child neglect I: Scope, consequences, and risk and protective
factors. CWRP Information Sheet #141E. Montreal, QC: Centre for Research on
Children and Families
Charalampous, K., Demetriou, C., Tricha, L., Ioannou, M., Georgiou, S., Nikiforou, M., et
al. (2018). The effect of parental style on bullying and cyberbullying behaviors and
the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: a longitudinal study. J. Adoles.
64, 109–123. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.003
Drechsler, R.; Brem, S.; Brandeis, D.; Grünblatt, E.; Berger, G.;Walitza, S. (2020).
ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents.
Neuropediatrics, 51, 315–335. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Dunne, A. L., Gilbert, F., Lee, S., & Daffern, M. (2018). The role of aggression related
early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in aggression in a prisoner sample.
Aggressive Behavior, 44(3), 246–256. doi:10.1002/ab.21747
Estévez, A., Ozerinjauregi, N., & Herrero-Fernández, D. (2016). Maladaptive schemas as
mediators in the relationship between child sexual abuse and displaced aggression.
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(4), 449–465. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1156207
Garofalo, C., Velotti, P., & Zavattini, G. C. (2018). Emotion regulation and aggression: The
incremental contribution of alexithymia, impulsivity, and emotion regulation facets.
Psychology of Violence, 8(4), 470–483. doi:10.1037/vio0000141
Gay, L. E., Harding, H. G., Jackson, J. L., Burns, E. E., & Baker, B. D. (2013). Attachment
style and early maladaptive schemas as mediators of the relationship between
childhood emotional abuse and intimate partner violence. Journal of Aggression,
Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(4), 408–424. doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.775982
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009).
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The
Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
İpek Şenkal Ertürk, Yasemin Kahya & Nağme Gör (2020) Childhood Emotional
Maltreatment and Aggression: The Mediator Role of the Early Maladaptive Schema
فصلنامه پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم رفتاری/ 67
Domains and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment
& Trauma, 29:1, 92-110, DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2018.1541493
Jin, G. C. H., and Wang, Y. Z. H. (2017). Childhood psychological abuse and aggression: a
multiple mediating model (Written in Chinese). Chinese J. Clin. Psychol. 25, 691–
696. doi: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.04.022
Kotch, J. B., Lewis, T., Hussey, J. M., English, D., Thompson, R., Litrownik, A. J,
Dubowitz, H. (2008). Importance of early neglect for childhood aggression.
Pediatrics, 121(4), 725–731.
Maguire, S. A., Williams, B., Naughton, A. M., Cowley, L. E., Tempest, V., Mann, M. K .
Kemp, A. M. (2015). A systematic review of the emotional, behavioral and cognitive
features exhibited by school-aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(5), 641–653
Mei, H.; Xie, R.; Li, T;. Chen, Z.; Liu, Y.; Sun, C (2022) Effect of Atomoxetine on
Behavioral Difficulties and Growth Development of Primary School Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Prospective Study. Children, 9, 212.
https //:doi.org/10.3390/children9020212
Pan, C. H., Deng, Y. L., Guan, B. Q., and Luo, X. R. (2010). Reliability and validity of
child psychological maltreatment scale (Written in Chinese). Chinese J. Clin. Psychol.
18, 463–465. doi: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2010.04.026
Shainheit, C. R., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2012). Parental alcoholism and gender as
moderators of maladaptive schema endorsement following childhood emotional
maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(4), 403–421
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Barker, E. D. (2006). Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: A
developmental perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(1),
12–19
Watkins, L. E., Schumacher, J. A., & Coffey, S. F. (2016). A preliminary investigation of
the relationship between emotion dysregulation and partner violence perpetration
among individuals with PTSD and alcohol dependence. Journal of Aggression,
Maltreatment &Trauma, 25(3), 305–314.
Yang, X., Wang, Z., Chen, H., and Liu, D. (2018). Cyberbullying perpetration among
Chinese adolescents: the role of interparental conflict, moral disengagement, and
moral identity. Children Youth Servic. Rev. 86, 256–263. doi:
10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.003
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s
guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press
Yuan, L. Y., Chen, L. L., and Pan, L. Y. (2017). Current situation of cyberbullying and its
effect on suicidal ideation in Nanning university students (Written in Chinese).
Chinese J. Sch. Health 38, 945–947. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.06.048