The Effectiveness of Existential Therapy on Resilience and Mental Health of Mourning Men and Women by Death of Spouse during Covid 19

Subject Areas :

زهرا فاطمی ¹ (کارشناس ارشد مشاوره و روان درمانی [e-mail])
رضا خاکپور ² ()نویسنده مسئول(: استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران [e-mail])

Received: 2023-05-04 Accepted : 2023-05-17 Published : 2023-05-22

Keywords: mental health, resilience, Corona, mourning, Key words: Existential counseling,

Abstract :

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of existential therapy on the resilience and mental health of women and men bereaved by the death of their spouses during the Corona virus. The method of this research is semi-experimental (pre-test - post-test with control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of all the women and men bereaved due to the death of their spouse due to the corona disease during the corona disease period, who lived in Quds city of Tehran, and no more than 1 month had passed since their bereavement. The statistical sample was based on the research design of 2 groups of 15 people and a total of 30 people, which was determined using the available method and among the volunteers and according to the criteria for entering and leaving the sample, and these 30 people were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups and the control was replaced. In order to collect data in the current research, resilience questionnaires of Connor and Davidson (2003), mental health of Goldberg and Hiller (1979) were used. In this research, in order to implement existential psychotherapy, the existential psychotherapy treatment plan was used in a group setting by Nasiri Hanis, Yousefi and Sadeghi (2016). The results of multivariable covariance showed that existential therapy has a 0.49 effect on the resilience and mental health of women and men bereaved by the death of their spouse (p<0.01). Based on the results of this hypothesis, existential therapy has a 0.26 effect on the resilience of women and men bereaved by the death of a spouse and on the mental health of women and men bereaved by the death of a spouse by 0.46. Existential therapy has a 0.26 effect on the resilience of women and men bereaved by the death of their spouse (p<0.05). Finally, existential therapy has a 0.56 effect on the mental health of women and men bereaved by the death of their spouse (p<0.05).

References:

منابع
خالد اصلانی، مهناز حاجی حیدری، غلامرضا رجبی وعباس امان الهی، ) 1398 (. بررسی اثربخشی
شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر کاهش علائم افراد مبتلا به نشانگان سوگ پیچیده.
مطالعات ناتوانی، 9 ( 1 ،) 50 - 42 .
محمد علی بشارت ) 1386 (. تاب آوری، آسیب پذیری و سلامت روانی. علوم روانشناختی، 6 ( 24 ،)
73 - 83 .
سید محمد حسین جوادی، مریم سجادیان ) 1399 (. پاندمی کروناویروس عاملی برای سوگ تأخیری
در بازماندگان: نامه به سردبیر. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، 23 ( 1 ،) 2 - 7 .
فرخ حق رنجبر، علیرضا کاکاوند، احمد برجعلی، حامد برماس ) 1390 (. تاب آوری و کیفیت زندگی
مادران دارای فرزندان کم توان ذهنی. سلامت و روان شناسی، 1 ( 1 ،) 187 - 177 .
شیما شاملی، رضا چالمه، کاظم خرم دل ) 1400 (. بررسی اثربخشی راهبرد های تنظیم شناختی هیجان
بر معنای زندگی و تجربه سوگ در نوجوانان سوگوار. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی مثبت
گرا اسلامی، گروه روانشناسی، موسسه آموزش عالی فاطمیه )س( شیراز. –
حسین قمری، عادل زاهد بابلان، داود فتحی ) 1394 (. اثربخشی گروه درمانی شناختی رفتاری بر
اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان مرد سوگوار. فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان، 1 ( 4 ،) 69 - 60
امیر رضا محمدخانی، پروانه محمد خانی، فرینگیس مهری ) 1400 (. اثر بخشی آموزش خودآگاهی
هیجانی بر اضطراب و افسردگی دانش آموزان درگیر سوگ )مرگ یا جدایی والدین( در شهرکر . د
پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد.
سارا کرمی، محسن سعید منش، فرنگیس مهری ) 1400 (. اثربخشی بازی درمانی مبتنی بر رویکرد
لوی بر مشکلات هیجانی کودکان سوگوار بر اثر کووید 19 . پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی،
دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد.
کبری مطلبی، قمر کیانی ) 1396 (. رابطه فرسودگی شغلی با سلامت روان معلمان مدارس استثنایی:
نقش میانجی مشارکت شغلی. مدیریت ارتقای سلامت، 7 ( 1 ،) 52 - 60 .
غفار نصیری هاینس، ناصر یوسفی، مسعود صادقی ) 1396 (. مشاوره و روان درمانگری گروهی با تمرکز
بر رویکرد وجود . ی لرستان: انتشارات دانشگاه لرستان.
زهرا نعمتی پور، و محمود گلزاری ) 1394 (. بررسی اثر بخشی مشاوره و درمان سوگ با رویکرد دینی به
شیوه گروهی بر ارتقاء سطح کیفیت زندگی مادران داغدیده فرزند. پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی
و مشاوره، 5 ( 1 ،) 69 - 52 .
فصلنامه پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم رفتاری/ 67
Alvarado, A., Spatariu, A., & Woodbury, C. (2017). Resilience & Emotional Intelligence between First Generation College Students and Non-First-Generation College Students. Focus on colleges, Universities and schools, 11 (1), 1-10.
Balogh, L., Tanaka, M., Török, N.;,Vécsei, L., & Taguchi, S. (2021). Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Biomedicines, 9 (340), 420-455.
Challen, A. R., Machin, S. J., & Gillham, J. E. (2014). The UK Resilience Programme: A School–Based Universal Nonrandomized Pragmatic Controlled Trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 75–89.
Cladder-Micus, M. B., Becker, E. S., Spijker, J., Speckens, A. E. M., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2019). Effects of Existential Psychotherapy on a behavioural measure of rumination in patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(4), 666–678.
Conner, K.M., & Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 5 (18), 76-82.
Cooke, P. J., Melchert, T. P., & Connor, K. (2016). Measuring well-being: A review of instruments. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 730–757.
Cortegiani, A., Ingoglia, G., Ippolito, M., & Giarratona, A. (2020). A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. J Crit Care, 57 (1), 279-283.
Goldberg, D. P., Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med, 9 (1), 139-145.
Hoffman, L. (2021). Existential–Humanistic Therapy and Disaster Response: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 61(1), 33–54.
Husted, H. (2017). "The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Successfully Transitioning to University". Undergraduate Honors Theses. 54.
Karki, P. (2018). An Analysis of Theories and Practices in Existential Psychotherapy. Indian journal of clinical psychology, 1 (45), 69-71.
Krug, O. T. (2019). James Bugental and Irvin Yalom: Two masters of existential therapy cultivate presence in the therapeutic encounter. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 49 (3), 329-354.
Lombardo, P., Jones, W., Wang, K., Shen, X., & Goldner, E. (2018). The fundamental association between mental health and life satisfaction: results from successive waves of a Canadian national survey. Lombardo et al. BMC Public Health, 9 (18), 1-9.
Rey, K. (2018). Existential therapy: supporting youth through anxiety. A Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfillment of the Requiremen ts for the Degree MASTER OF COUNSELLING.
Rieger, E., Van Buren, D. J., Bishop, M., Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Welch, R., & Wilfley, D.E. (2019). An eating disorder-specific model of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPTED): Causal pathways and treatment implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(4), 400-410.
Schneider, K. J. (2016). Existential-integrative therapy: Foundational implications for integrative practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 26 (1), 49-55
Seligman, M. E. P. (2018). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55 (1), 5–14.
68 / تاثیر درمان وجودی بر تابآوری و سلامت روان زنان و مردان سوگوار مرگ همسر…
Tabachnic, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). using multivariate statistics (5th edn), Boston: Pearson Education.
Taneva, S. (2016). What is psychological well-being and how it changes throughout the employment cycle? IN: Monteiro, I. and Iguti, A.M. (eds.) Trabalho, saude e sustentabilidade: construindo cidadania (Work, health and sustainability: building citizenship; Travail, sante et development durable: la construction de la citoyenne te), Brazil, 8 (1), 83-90.
Tosten, R., & Toprak, M. (2017). Positive psychological capital and emotional labor: A study in educational organizations. Cogent Education, 96 (4), 1-11.
Twenge, J., & Campbell, K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2 (12), 271–283.
Vos, J. (2015). An existential perspective on resilience: An overview of the research literature. Int J Emerg Ment Health, 17 (2), 1-15.

_||_

Tabachnic, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). using multivariate statistics (5th edn), Boston: Pearson Education.
Taneva, S. (2016). What is psychological well-being and how it changes throughout the employment cycle? IN: Monteiro, I. and Iguti, A.M. (eds.) Trabalho, saude e sustentabilidade: construindo cidadania (Work, health and sustainability: building citizenship; Travail, sante et development durable: la construction de la citoyenne te), Brazil, 8 (1), 83-90.
Tosten, R., & Toprak, M. (2017). Positive psychological capital and emotional labor: A study in educational organizations. Cogent Education, 96 (4), 1-11.
Twenge, J., & Campbell, K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2 (12), 271–283.
Vos, J. (2015). An existential perspective on resilience: An overview of the research literature. Int J Emerg Ment Health, 17 (2), 1-15.