The effect of cytokinin hormone consumption on improving grain yield and some growth indices of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) genotypes in Khuzestan province

Subject Areas : Sustainable production technologies

Mohsen Pourfarokhi ¹ , tayeb sakinejad ² , شهرام لک ^{3 *} , ناصر ظریفی نیا ⁴ , Mani Mojadam ⁵

1 - Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
2 - azad university of ahwaz
3 - Professor, Department of Agriculture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran
5 - Assistant Prof, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

Received: 2024-04-14 Accepted : 2024-06-19 Published : 2024-06-20

Keywords: biological yield, grain protein, leaf area index, chlorophyll index, growth hormone,

Abstract :

In the sustainable agriculture system, the use of plant hormones has received more attention in recent years due to the potential for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing the quantity and quality of the produced crops. To investigate the effects of cytokinin foliar application on the physiological and yield characteristics of cowpea cultivars, a split-plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the two crop years of 2018 and 2019 in Dezful city. The main factors included Mashhad, local, and Arabic cultivars, and the secondary factor was foliar application of cytokinin hormone at 100 and 200 ppm. Hormonal foliar spraying was done at the beginning of the flowering stage. The results of combined variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars for all traits, except for the harvest index. The correlation between seed yield and protein percentage, hundred seed weight, and biological yield was positive and significant, with the highest correlation related to seed protein percentage (0.958). The highest seed yield (with an average of 2281 kg/ha) belonged to the Mashhad variety, and the lowest yield (with an average of 1386 kg/ha) belonged to the Arab variety. The highest and lowest seed yields were obtained from the use of 200 ppm of cytokinin hormone and the control treatment (with an average of 2319 and 1327 kg/ha, respectively). Increasing the use of cytokinin improved quality traits such as chlorophyll index and seed protein. In general, it was found that the selection of high-yielding Mashhad variety and foliar spraying of 200 ppm of cytokinin hormone, in addition to increasing yield, could improve quality traits in cowpea.

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