Explanation Of Courtyard Structure And Its Interaction With Daylight And Clear Walls In Traditional Houses Of Kermanshah, Iran
Subject Areas : History and conservation of local architecture
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Keywords: Courtyard, Daylight, Clear walls, Traditional Houses, Kermanshah,
Abstract :
Using a central courtyard had been a very old pattern in housing construction and residential spaces had been formed around the courtyard, by utilizing various methods. The purpose of this research is to study the structure of open spaces and its interaction with opposing clear walls in the historical houses of Kermanshah. To deploy this research, a descriptive and comparative method has been used, focusing on the climatic and environmental role of the courtyard and the light transmitting walls, and by selecting Six case studies from historical houses in the city of Kermanshah located in the cold climatic zone of Iran, which all belong to the Qajar period. For this purpose, orientation, formal analysis, courtyard proportions (length to width), mean depth (length to height), viewing angle, height pattern, closed to open space ratio, facade and clear surfaces area, shadow and sunlight percentage in the courtyard, sky view angle and the sky mask percentage are examined and analyzed. The analysis method is formal and tools for collecting information include written sources, documents, maps, sketches and field observations, and drawing graphs and analytical charts. The results of the research indicate that a square courtyard with approximately equal length and width and moderate depth of about four, creates sufficient light in the depth of the surrounding area according to different positioning patterns of the building. Due to the size of the windows and their shape and location on the facade and its relationship with the courtyard, proper sky mask is produced in most spaces, which increases the amount of visible sky and thus the amount of day light. The results of shade amount throughout the year in the courtyard indicate that in the warm seasons proper shade is created in the courtyard, and with the provision of proper daylight using colorful and patterned windows, favorable air flow and atmosphere is provided for the residents in the rooms and courtyard.
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