History of the concept of the term companions And typology of different approaches to it

Subject Areas : -

Ghasem Bostani ¹ (Associated Professor in Quran and Hadith Studies, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.)
fatemeh moradi kohnaki ² (Ph. D. student in Quran and Hadith Studies، theology، Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran)

Received: 2021-09-20 Accepted : 2022-03-02 Published : 2022-02-20

Keywords: principles, History of Hadith, Companions of the Prophet (PBUH), Hadith scholars,

Abstract :

Adherence to idioms, especially ancient idioms, is one of the most important and difficult issues that human beings have always faced. The term "companions" is one of these ancient and widely used terms in the texts of Islam, in which there is a difference of opinion; In such a way that this issue has become a point of contention and it has become difficult to identify the examples of the companions. This study has tried to carefully examine the semantic changes and evolutions of the term Companions throughout the history of Islam in historical reports and has used a descriptive-analytical method to achieve this. The results show that there is no effect or sign indicating the definition of the Companions or the people to whom the Companions refer, in the Qur'an or the hadiths, and the term Companions is a historical term, not a religious one. In the definitions offered over different centuries, two approaches have been emphasized that the dominant approach has been the approach of the narrators, but the definition of the fundamentalists has preceded the definition of the narrators. Lack of clarification of the definition of the Companion in the Shari'a, differences in the lexical meaning of the Companions, the precedence of the discussion of justice over the definition of the Companions and the presentation of a specific definition of the