Comparing the effectiveness of exercises to strengthen the sense of balance and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception on the lack of written expression in students with specific learning disorders in Ahvaz

Subject Areas : social psychology

tahmineh changizi ¹ (Ph.D. Student in Exceptional Child Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
farah naderi ² (Professor Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Corresponding Author.([e-mail]))
rezvan homaei ³ (Assistant Professor Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
sasan bavi ⁴ (Assistant Professor Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)

Received: 2023-08-12 Accepted : 2023-10-26 Published : 2023-11-22

Keywords: exercises to strengthen the sense of balance, lack of written expression, exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception, specific learning disorder,

Abstract :

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of exercises tostrengthen the sense of balance and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioceptionon the lack of written expression in students with a specific learning disorder in Ahvazcity. The research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-updesign and a control group. The statistical population of the research included allstudents with specific learning disorders in Ahvaz city in 1401. Using the purposefulsampling method, 60 students with specific learning disabilities were selected andrandomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (20 people ineach group). In order to collect data, Parisa Rahmani's (2014) written expressiondeficiency questionnaire of spelling disorders was used. The experimental groupsunderwent exercises to strengthen the sense of balance (12 sessions of 45 minutes)and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception (12 sessions of 45 minutes);But the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed usingthe analysis of covariance statistical test. The results showed that both treatments ofbalance strengthening exercises and proprioception strengthening exercises wereeffective in improving written expression deficiency in students with specific learningdisabilities (p<0.01) and the effectiveness of balance strengthening exercises andproprioception strengthening exercises on improving expression deficiency There wasno significant difference in writing in students with specific learning disorders(p>0.05) and this result continued until the follow-up stage. Therefore, it can beconcluded that exercises to strengthen the sense of balance and proprioception can beused to improve the lack of written expression in students with specific learningdisabilities.Keywords: specific learning disorder, lack of written expression, exercises tostrengthen the sense of balance, exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception