Drivers affecting the importance of oil and regional security in West Asia

Subject Areas : International Relations

Hamed Hariforush ¹ , ehsan razani ^{2 *} , امیرهوشنگ میرکوشش ³

1 - دانشگاه آزاد قم
2 - Assistant Prof at the Department of Political Sciences & International Relations, Azad University, Shahroud Branch
3 - مدرس دانشگاه خوارزمی

Received: 2024-08-24 Accepted : 2024-08-26 Published : 2025-01-25

Keywords: Regional security, West Asia, Oil, Drivers, Countries supplying and requesting oil,

Abstract :

 

The region of West Asia isof special importance fromthe pointof view of geo-economics,geopolitics and geostrategic, so that after the discovery of oil in West Asia,this black substance found avery important and decisive role in the oreign policy of West Asian countries.Today,West Asia supplies a third of the world's oil,and the main question is,what are the main drivers affecting the importanceof oil and the regional security of West Asia in thefuture,and what effectswill these drivers have on stability in this region?In response,the hypothesiscan be put forward that the reduction of oil consumption based on increasing environmental concerns and efforts to not depend onoil,has led to the push of oil-producing countries to exploit the non-oil economy,which is the field of non-oil economic cooperation in the framework of It will create mutual dependence inthe West Asian region,which will increase the security factor and reduce the possibility of conflict in the region.The findings of the research indicate that the discovery of oil for the first time in Iran and West Asia turned this region into the"largest oil region in the world"The issue that made West Asia a ieldof competition for great powers.Therefore,if until now the other inherent superiority of West Asia was important for global and regional powers and acted as a tool for regional actors,after the emergence of oil, the function of West Asia for the region and beyond has undergone a fundamental transformation.

 

References:

- آجیلی، هادی، مصیبی، مونا(1395)، ایالات‌متحده آمریکا، تکنولوژی شیل و نفت خاورمیانه، تهران: انتشارات مرکز مطالعات سیاسی و بین المللی وزارت امور خارجه.
- ابوالحسن شیرازی، حبیب اله، قربانی شیخ نشین، ارسلان و سیمبر، رضا(1393)، سیاست و حکومت در خاورمیانه. تهران: سمت.
- اسدی، بیژن(1381)، خلیج فارس و مسائل آن. تهران: سمت.
- بوزان، باری (1378)، مردم، دولت ها و هراس، تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی
- بهجت، جودت(1392). امینت انرژی، مترجم: عسگر قهرمان پور، رحمن قهرمان پور، تهران: دانشگاه امام صادق(ع).
- بیگلین، پینار(1393). امنیت منطقه ای خاورمیانه، مترجم: عسگر قهرمان پور، تهران: انتشارات موسسه فرهنگی مطالعات و تحقیقات بین‌المللی ابرار معاصر تهران.
- دهقانی فیروزآبادی، سیدجلال و بهزاد احمدی لفورکی(1395)، نظم امنیت منطقه ای در غرب آسیا، تهران: انتشارات ابرار معاصر ایران.
- یرگین، دانیل(1401)، نقشه جدید جهان، مترجم: امیر میرحاج، تهران: پارسه.
- آدابی، محمدرضا، کیانی، داوود، حیدرپور، ماشاالله(1397)، جایگاه منابع انرژی خاورمیانه در راهبرد سیاست خارجی چین در دوران پسا جنگ سرد(مطالعه موردی ایران و عربستان)، سیاست پژوهی ایرانی، 16، 90 -120
- حافظ نیا، م. (1386). مفهوم جدیدی از هارتلند. فصلنامة ژئوپلتیک، 3 (2).
- خزلی، اکبر و محمد شاه محمدی، (1403)، "سناریوهای آینده نظم و امنیتی غرب آسیا در افق 1405"، فصلنامه مطالعات بنیادین و کاربردی جهان اسلام، شماره 19.
- مزرعتی، محمد، (1386)، "دو روی سکه: امنیت عرضه و امنیت تقاضای انرژی"، مطالعات‌ اقتصاد انرژی‌، 4(13).
- موسویان، سیدحسین، (1391)، " سیاست خارجی ایران در اوروآسیا؛ مسائل منطقه‌ای و جهانی، خزر، انرژی و عدم اشاعه سلاح ‌های هسته‌ای"، فصلنامه علمی راهبرد، دوره 14، شماره 3
- Aizarani, J. (2023), Crude oil import volumes from the Middle East into the EU-28 in 2019, by country: https://www.statista.com/statistics/828856/middle-east-crude-oil-import-volume-european-union-eu-28/
- Puri-Mirza, A. (2020), Volume of oil reserves in the Middle East in 2018, by country, Received on Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1123818/middle-east-oil-reserves-by-country/
- Rapier, R. (2020), How Much Oil Do We Import From The Middle East? Received on Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2020/01/07/how-much-oil-do-we-import-from-the-middle-east/?sh=4fe9772d21c6
- Aizarani, J. (2023), Main suppliers of crude oil to China in 2020 and 2021: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1310953/oil-imports-by-country-china/#:~:text=Saudi%20Arabia%20is%20China's%20main,the%20Middle%20Eastern%20producing%20giant
- Aljazeera(2019), Houthi drone attacks on 2 Saudi Aramco oil facilities spark fires, Received in Feb. 5, 2023 from: https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/9/14/houthi-drone-attacks-on-2-saudi-aramco-oil-facilities-spark-fires
- Carpenter, J. William, (2022), The Biggest Oil Producers in the Middle East: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/101515/biggest-oil-producers-middle-east.asp#citation-1
- Paraskova, T. (2023). OPEC Expands Control Of Oil Markets As Shale Growth Stalls. Received on Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/OPEC-Expands-Control-Of-Oil-Markets-As-Shale-Growth-Stalls.html
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (2022). Country Analysis Executive Summary: Iran. Received in Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Iran/pdf/iran_exe.pdf
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (2022). What countries are the top producers and consumers of oil?. Received in Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=709&t=6
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (2021). Iran: Oil Reverse. Received in Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iran/oil_reserves/
- U.S. Energy Information Agency (2021). Iran: Oil production. Received in Feb. 23, 2023 from: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iran/oil_reserves/
- Annual Statistical Bulletin(2022). Iran facts and figures. Received in Feb. 25, 2023 from: https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/163.htm
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (2022). Oil and petroleum products explained. Received in Dec. 17, 2022 from: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/imports-and-exports.php#:~:text=Saudi%20Arabia%20is%20also%20the,Persian%20Gulf%20countries%20in%202021
- Turgeon, A & Morse, E.(2023). Oil Shale, National Geographic. Received in Dec. 19, 2022: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/oil-shale/
- Slim, R. (2022). The New Geopolitics of the Middle East: America's Role in a Changing Region. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Jahner, A. (2021, July 16). The Geopolitics of West Asia in an Era of Great Power Competition. World Politics Review.
- Akkuttu, I. (2020). The Geopolitics of Energy in West Asia. Rutledge.
- Dabbagh, A. (2022). The Political Economy of Oil in West Asia. Rutledge.
- Saeed, J. (2021). Oil Lobbies and Political Dynamics in West Asia. Middle East Studies Quarterly, 23(2), 34-51.
- Cameron, A. (2021). The Geopolitics of Global Energy. Cambridge University Press. Nikitina, A. (2022). The Role of Non-State Actors in Oil Adventures. Energy Strategies, 28(4), 12-25.