Ukraine 2022 crisis and its impact on world food security
Subject Areas : International Relations
Ali asghar Ghaffari Charati
1
,
hasan khodaverdi
2
*
1 - PhD graduate of International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Russian military invasion, Ukraine crisis, grains, agricultural inputs, world food security,
Abstract :
The widespread consequences of Russia's military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 caused the world's food security to face serious challenges due to the fact that these two countries play an important role in the supply and export of grains and oilseeds.This research has sought to answer the question by using the descriptive-analytical method to test hypotheses, and library and survey tools to collect data, using the the theory of human security How has the Ukraine crisis affected world food security? The results indicate that although the war in Ukraine had quickly disrupted the supply and increased the global price of grains, oilseeds and agricultural inputs, but this process did not continue and therefore with the support measures of countries and international organizations such as partial reopening The Black Sea ports through the Black Sea Grains Initiative led by the United Nations, the Solidarity Lines Initiative of the European Union, increasing global humanitarian efforts, after a period of 4 months from The start of the war in Ukraine and from May 2022 onwards, the markets have gradually become flexible and adapted in the face of this crisis, and the prices have returned to the pre-war level by August 2022 and have even reached lower levels over time.This process made the adverse effects of the Ukraine crisis on the world's food security gradually decrease and the fear of a continuous lack of grain in the world market did not come true.
فارسی: 1. اسفندیاری، چنگیز، و میرعباسی، سیدباقر (1394) «بررسی ابعاد حق بر غذا و امنیت غذایی در اسناد بین¬المللی»، فصلنامه حقوق پزشکی، (35)9، صص 157-184.
2. پاریاب، سید حسین؛ معصوم¬زاده، حسین و قلی پور سمانه (1401). چالش¬های امنیت غذایی پیش روی کشورها پس از جنگ روسیه و اوکراین و نقش استانداردهای GS1 در بهبود شرایط، تهران: موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش¬های بازرگانی.
3. تاج بخش، شهربانو (1394). امنیت انسانی: نگاهی به گذشته پیش از نگاه به آینده، کتاب مجموعه مقالات دومین همایش بین¬المللی امنیت انسانی در غرب آسیا، صص 1-30، بیرجند: دانشگاه بیرجند.
4. رحیمی، علیرضا (1401) «جنگ اوکراین، چالش جهانی غله و تهدیدهای امنیت غذایی در ایران»، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، ماه¬نگار دیده¬بان، (120) و (121)، صص 63-72.
5. صباغیان، علی (1392) « امنیت انسانی و دفاع همه جانبه»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، (4)16، صص 90-118.
6. قاسمی، محمد علی (1384) «امنیت انسانی: مبانی مفهومی و الزامات راهبردی»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، (4)8، صص 818-831.
7. کر، پائولين (١٣٨٤) «امنيت انساني»، ترجمه سيد جلال دهقاني فيروزآبادي، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردي، (3)11، صص 601-626.
8. مرکز پژوهش¬های اتاق ایران (1401)، «تاثیرات جهانی جنگ در اوکراین بر امنیت غذایی، انرژی و سیستم مالی»، ترجمه گزارش نخست کنفرانس تجارت و توسعه سازمان ملل، بازیابی شده از: https://otaghiranonline.ir/UFiles/Docs/2022/7/12/Doc20220712102309350.pdf
9. مسعودی، فرانک (1401) «گندم و امنیت غذایی ایران و جهان در فرایند جنگ روسیه واوکراین به روایت آمار»، مجله صنایع زیرساخت های کشاورزی، (243) و (244)، صص 9-16.
10. معاونت دیپلماسی و اقتصادی وزارت امور خارجه (1401)، «پیامدهای جنگ اوکراین بر بازار غلات و انرژی اروپا»، بازیابی شده از: https://economic.mfa.ir/portal/NewsView/714116
لاتین: 11. Bloomberg (2022, March 13), “How Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Is Tearing Apart the Global Food System”, Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-13/ how-russia-s-invasion-of-ukraine-is-tearing-apart-the-global-food-system.
12. Deininger, Klaus; Ayalew Ali, Daniel; Kussul, Nataliia; Shelestov, Andrii; Lemoine, Guido & Yailimova, Hanna (2022), “ Quantifying war-induced crop losses in Ukraine in near real time to strengthen local and global food security”, world bank group, Policy Research Working Paper 10123, Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/37665/IDU0de02933f001de04df5087c30538da5ba4b35.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
13. Economic Intelligence (2022), “ Global Economic Implications of Russia-Ukraine War”, available at: https://www.eiu.com/n/global-economic-implications-of-the-russia-ukraine-war/ (accessed 1 April 2022).
14. El Haiba, Mahjoub & Behnassi, Mohamed (2022), “Implications of the Russia–Ukraine war for global food security”, Nature Human Behaviour, VOL 6 ,pp. 754–755, Available at:file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/s41562-022-01391-x.pdf.
15. FAO (2006), Food Security, FAO’s Agricultural and Development Economics Division, 2, 1-4.
16. FAO (2022a), “New Scenarios on Global Food Security based on Russia-Ukraine Conflict”, Retrieved from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Available at: https://www.fao.org/director-general/news/news-article/en/c/1476480/.
17. FAO (2022b), “FAO food price index. Food. Agri. Organ”. United Nations, Available at: https://www.fao. org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/. (Accessed 15 May 2022).
18. FAO (2023), “Global food security challenges and its drivers: conflicts and wars in Ukraine and other countries, slowdowns and downturns, and climate change”, Report CL 172/5, Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/nl652en/nl652en.pdf.
19. FAO, OECD, ADB, IFAD, ILO, IFPRI, & WTO (2014), “Opportunities for Economic Growth and Job Creation in Relation to Food Security and Nutrition”. Report to the G20 Development Working Group, 1-37.
20. Food Security Portal (2023), “Excessive Food Price Variability: Hard Wheat”, Available at: https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/hard-wheat-price-volatility-alert-mechanism.
21. Food Security Portal (2024), “Excessive Food Price Variability: Maize”, Available at: https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/maize-price-volatility-alert-mechanism.
22. Food Security Portal (2024), “Excessive Food Price Variability: soybean”, Available at: https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/soybean-price-volatility-alert-mechanism.
23. Glauber, Joseph (2023a), “Assessing tight global wheat stocks and their role in price volatility”, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Available at: https://www.ifpri.org/blog/assessing-tight-global-wheat-stocks-and-their-role-price-volatility.
24. Glauber, Joseph (2023b), “Ukraine one year later: Impacts on global food security”, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Available at: https://www.ifpri.org/blog/ukraine-one-year-later-impacts-global-food-security.
25. Hebebrand, Charlotte (2023), “The Russia-Ukraine war after a year: Impacts on fertilizer production, prices, and trade flows”, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Available at: https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/node/2313.
26. Jolly, Richard and Deepayan Basu, Ray (2006), “The Human Security Framework and National Human Development Reports: A Review of Experiences and Current Debates”, United Nations Development Programme, National Human Development Report Unit.
27. Kent, G (2015), “Food Is a Human Right”, Available at: http://www.choike.org/ documentos/Food_Human_Right.pdf.
28. Laborde, D., Mamun, A (2022), “Documentation for Food and Fertilizers Export Restriction Tracker: Tracking Export Policy Responses Affecting Global Food Markets during Crisis”, International Food Policy Research Institute, Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.2499/p15738coll2.135857.
29. Laborde, David and Glauber, Joseph (2022), “How will Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affect global food security?”, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Available at: https://www.ifpri.org/blog/how-will-russias-invasion-ukraine-affect-global-food-security
30. Office of United Nation Human Right (2015), “The right to Adequate Food”, Available at: http://www.fao.org/righttofood/publications/publications-detail/en/c/49338/.
31. United Nations (2022), “Black Sea Grain Initiative”, Joint Coordination Centre, Available at: https://www.un.org/en/black-sea-grain-initiative.
32. United Nations Development Program (2012), “Human Development Report”. Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_ complete_nostats.pdf. Accessed July 12, 2012.
33. Woertz, E. (2022), The Russian War against Ukraine: Middle East Food Security at Risk, (GIGA Focus Nahost, 2). Hamburg: German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien. https://doi.org/10.57671/gfme-22022.
34. World Bank (2010), “Food Security and Conflict”, Agriculture and Rural Development Department, 62034, 1-27.