Role of EU’s Normative Power in Western Balkans
Subject Areas : International Relations
احمد نقیب زاده
1
(استاد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه تهران)
حسین تفضلی
2
(استادیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی)
مهدی نیکخواه قمی
3
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات منطقه ای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی)
Keywords: Keywords: Normative power, military power, Non-military power, WesternBalkan region, EuropeUnion,
Abstract :
Abstract European Union is one of most important international actors that wants in addition to expanding its economic influence, emerge as a major international power and in this regard, especially after the Maastricht Treaty has taken important step towards increasing its international political weight. After the formation of the European Union, issue of its formation as a whole was discussed in political and academic circles and different views were introduced. Normative power approach which was introduced by Manners, created new literature in international scene and at the same time prompted supporters and opponents. On the other hand, Western Balkan region, which mainly consists of former Yugoslavia countries, has particular importance for European Union. Geographical proximity, historical and cultural commonalities and the shared border areas have created grounds for development of relations between the two sides. Therefore, in this article, the question is what is the impact of European Union’s normative power on countries of Western Balkan? What Instruments European Union has used and what challenges facing it? In addition to theoretical dimension of research and measures and applied policies, this paper believes that the relative stability of this unstable region and its alignment with the West is due to European Union’s normative power.
منابع:
- آسایش زارچی، محمد جواد و آقارضی درمنی، رضا، (1388)، مروری بر تاریخ مسلمانان در یوگسلاوی و جنگ در بوسنی و هرزگوین، تهران: شرکت چاپ و نشر بین الملل.
- خالوزاده، سعید، (1390)، اتحادیه اروپایی، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
- صدیق، میر ابراهیم و صبری، محسن و جور ابراهیمیان، سعدی، (1393)، جایگاه هنجاری اتحادیه اروپا در روابط بین الملل، تهران: انتشارات مجد.
- مک کورمیک، جان، (1390)، اتحادیه اروپا سیاست ها و روند ها، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)
- Dunne, Tim, (1998), Inventing International Society: A History of the English School, London: Macmillan.
- Batt Judy and Obradovic-Wochnik Jelena (2009), “Introduction”, in War Crimes, Conditionality and EU Integration in the Western Balkans, eds. Judy Batt and Jelena Obradovic-Wochnik, Chaillot Paper, Institute for Security Studies, No 116.
- Larrabee, F. Stephen, (1994), "Balkan Security after the Cold War: New Dimensions, New Challenges, in the Volatile Powder Keg", Balkan Security after the Cold War, ed. F. Stephen Larrabee, the American University Press.
- Conley, Heather A. And Cipoletti, T. J., (September 2010) “The European Union’s Policy toward the Western Balkan”, Western Balkan Policy Review, A Report of the CSIS, available at http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/cp081-English.pdf
- Diez, Thomas, (2005), “Constructing the Self and Changing Others: Reconsidering `Normative Power Europe'”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 33.
- Forsberg, Thomas, (2011), “Normative Power Europe, Once Again: A Conceptual Analysis of an Ideal Type”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 49, No. 6.
- Fuele, Stepan, (30 March 2010), “I’m Enjoying Every Minute of My Work as Commissioner,” interview with EurActiv.
- Hopf, Ted, (1998), “The promise of constructivism", International Security, Vol. 23, No. 1.
- Hyde-Price, Adrian, (2006), “Normative Power Europe: A Realist Critique”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13:2, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760500451634
- Layne, Christopher, (2008) “It’s Over, Over There: The Coming Crack-up in Transatlantic Relations”, International Politics, Vol. 45.
- Manners, (2009) “The EU’s Normative Power in Changing World Politics”, at http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2009/20091200_cesp_paper_gerrits.pdf
- Manners, Ian, (2002), “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in terms?” Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2.
- Manners, Ian, (October 2004), “Normative Power Europe Reconsidered”, CIDEL Workshop.
- Manners, Ian, (2006), “Normative power Europe reconsidered: beyond the crossroads”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13:2, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760500451600
- Manners, Ian, (2006), “The European Union as a Normative Power: A response to Thomas Diez”, Millennium-Journal of International Studies, Vol. 35, available at: http://mil.sagepub.com/content/35/1/167.full.pdf
- Manners, Ian, (December 2009), "The EU's Normative Power in Changing World Politics", Clingendael European Papers, No. 5, available at http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2009/20091200_cesp_paper_gerrits.pdf
- Obradovic-Wochnik, Jelena, (2009), "strategies of Denial: Resistance to ICTY cooperation", Institute for Security Studies, Chaillot Paper, No. 116, June 2009, available at http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/cp116.pdf
- Orbie, Jan, (2008) “A Civilian Power in the World: Instruments and Objectives in European Union External Policies”, in Europe’s Global Role. External Policies of the European Union, ed. Jan Obie.
- Riding, Alan, (29 June 1991), “Conflict in Yugoslavia; Europeans Send High-Level Team,” New York Times.
- Rupnik, Jacques, (May 2009), “The EU and the Western Balkans”, Institute for Security Studies, available at: http://www.iss.europa.eu
- Smith, Karen E., (2005) “Beyond the civilian power debate” [online], London: LSE Research Online, at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/812/1/BeyondPDF.pdf
- Smith, Karen, (2005), “Beyond the civilian power debate”, London: LSE Research Online, 2005, available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/812/1/BeyondPDF.pdf
- Smith, Karen, (2005), Still “Civilian Power EU?”, European Foreign Policy Unit Working Paper
- Walt, M., (spring 1998), “International Relations: One World, Many Theories”, Foreign Policy.
- Whitney, Craig R., (25 January 1991), “War in the Gulf: Europe; Gulf Fighting Shatters Europeans' Fragile Unity”, The New York Times.
- Zielonka, Jan, (2011), “The EU as an International Actor: Unique or Ordinary?”, European Foreign Affairs Review, 16, at: http://www.kluwerlawonline.com
- Zutter, Elisabeth De, (2010), “Normative power spotting: an ontological and methodological appraisal”, Journal of European Public Policy, 17:8, available at: http://www.tandfonline.com