Identification of some pathogenic fungal agents of crown and roots of rapeseed in Isfahan

Subject Areas : Plant Protection

Mehdi Nasrisfahani ¹ ()
Azadeh Sanieirad ² ()
Narges Nasrollahi ³ ()

Received: 2009-11-11 Accepted : 2010-02-17 Published : 2009-12-22

Keywords:

Abstract :

The rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops throughout the world. This crop is being attacked by several pests and diseases. This studies were conducted for the identification of some fungal diseases under laboratory and glass-house conditions on rape plants in Isfahan areas including; Braan, Koohpayeh, Mahabad, Mobarakeh, Dehaghan, Kabootarabad and Fraydan, where the infected plants were collected from the infected fields. The studies indicated that there are certain fungal pathogens infecting the areal and underground of rape plants. Isolation and growing cultures for identification of Fusarium species were with consistent and proper preparation of cultures on SA, WA, PDA, SNA, CLA, NASH & NYDER. Obtained isolates were identified by using morphological and various keys. All isolates were categorized in 5 species of Fusarium including: F. culmorum,F. heterosporum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and one species of Rhizoctonia (R. solani). Disease severity was calculated under laboratory condition and compared with control using scoring scales (0-24). Results showed that, the highest level of infection was recorded by F. culmorum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and R. solani, whereas the least infection was noticed by F. lateritium and F. heterosporum. It was also tested the isolated species on growth of plant and symptoms of disease. On the base of analyzing the data using DMRT (P=0.01%, 0.05%) on shoot length, fresh and dry weight of plants by different isolated pathogen, it was noticed significant effect compared to control.

References:

Azizi, M. Soltani, A. & Khavari Khorasani, S. 1999. Rape Crops (Physiology, Agronomy, Breeding and Biotechnology). Mashhad Jahade Daneshgahi Publication, Mashhad, Iran (In Persain).

Booth, C. 1971. The genus Fusarium. Common wealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England.

Burgess, L. W. Nelson, P. E. & Summerell B. A. 1989. Variability and stability of morphological characters of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from soil in Australia. Mycologia, 81: 818-822.

Carol, E. W. 1990. Fusarium Soilborn Pathogen. P. 116- 128.

Church, V. J. & Fitt B. D. L. 1995. Incidence and effects of diseases on seven winter Oilseed rapee cultivars in 1991/2 and 1992/3. International Organization for BiologicalControl Bulletin, 18: 62-68.

Mohhamadi, S. 2003. Stadies on biological control of Rhizoctonia by Trichoderma. M.Sc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran.

National Institute of Agricultural Botany. 1985. NIAB Disease Assessment Manual for Crop Variety Trail. National Institute of Agricultural Botany. Cambridge, UK.

Nelson, P. E. Toussoun, T. A. & Marasas, W. F. O. 1983. Fusarium species: an illustrated Manual for identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, USA.

Olfert, O. Brandt, S. Eliott, R. H. Duczek, L. Thomas, A.G. & Soroka, J. 1999. Canola production in Saskatchewan-A synthesis of the issue of unexpected low yields. 10th International Rapeseed Congres, Canberra, Australia.

Roodi, D. Rahman poor, S. & Javidfar, F. 2003. Rape Crops (Eds.). Institution for Seed and Seedling Improvement, Tehran, Iran.

Sadravi, M. Taheri, A. & Rahnema, K. 2003. Rape Sclerotinia stem diseases in Golestan province. The precedings of the first conference on research and development of rape, Golestan. p. 40.

Salati, M. 2003. The important diseases of rapeseed crops. The precedings of the first conference on research and development of rape, Golestan. p. 41.

Saremi, H. 1998. Ecology and Taxonomy of the Fusarium spp. Mashhad Jahade Daneshgahi Publication, Mashad, Iran.

Sharifi, R. 1996. Identification of wilting Fusarium spp. of potato and the reaction of varieties in glass house conditions in Fraydan. M.Sc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran.

Sharma, P. D. 2000. Plant Pathology. Campus Books International.

Singleton, L. L. Mihail, J. D. & Rush, C. M. 1992. Methods for Research onsoil borne Phytopathogenic Fungi. The American Phtopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Sneh, B. Burpee, L. & Ogoshi, A. 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Thanassoulopoulos, C. C. & Kitsos, G. T. 1985. Studies on Fusarium wilt of  Potatoes. 2-leafsprout and tuber infection in artificial inoculation. Potato Research, 28: 515-518.