A review of Tomostethus spp. Species, and the first report of Tomostethus nigritus Fabricius from Tehran Province, Iran
Subject Areas : Plant PestsNeda Kheradpir 1 , Zeynab Keykhosravi 2 * , Abbas Rastegar 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, VaP.C., Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
2 - Head of the Green Space Research, Education and Consulting Center of Tehran Municipality, District 20
3 - Green Space Expert, District 17 Municipality, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Tomostethus nigritus, ash, Tehran.,
Abstract :
The ash leaf-eating wasp Tomostethus nigritus is one of the most important leaf-eating pests of ash trees in the Palearctic world, which can cause the foliage to become bare and the level of photosynthesis in the plant to decrease, and also reduce the beauty of the tree by feeding on the leaves. This insect was first observed in Tehran province in the spring of 2023. In this study, a review of the species of the genus Tomostethus spp. in the world and Iran was conducted to investigate the population level of this pest in Tehran. Morphological studies showed that the samples collected in this study were consistent with T. nigritus. The larval population was visible on the leaves, trunk, and canopy of the tree from April to June. The highest population density was recorded in May. Further research is needed to prevent the insect spread and also to manage existing populations.
توکلی، م.، حسینی چگنی، ا. و خاقانی نیا، ص. 1398. گزارش طغیان زنبور برگخوار درخت زبان گنجشک Tomostethus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) از ایران. پژوهش و توسعه جنگل 5(2): 317-328.
عبائی، م. 1389. آفات درختان و درختچه های جنگلی و غیر مثمر ایران. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. 236 صفحه.
لچینانی، پ.، شاکرمی، ج. و پورحسینی، ل. 1383. مطالعه برخی از ویژگیهای زیستی زنبور برگخوار زبان گنجشک Tomostethus nigritus (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) و کنترل شیمیایی آن با سم سوین در خرم آباد. مجموعه مقالات شانزدهمین کنگره گیاهپزشکی ایران، تبریز.
مدرس اول، م. 1391. فهرست آفات کشاورزی ایران و دشمنان طبیعی آنها. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. 788 صفحه.
مقدم، م. و عبائی، م. 1371. اولین گزارش از ظهور زنبور برگخوار زبان گنجشک Tomostethus nigritus subsp. Claripennis در ایران. آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 60(1-2): 94.
Austara, O. 1991. Severe outbreaks of the ash sawfly Tomostethus nigritus F. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on ornamental trees in Oslo. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde. Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 64: 70–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01906165
. Baker, J. 2019. Brwonheaded Ash Sawfly. PDIC Factsheets. NC State Extension Publications. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/brownheaded-ash-sawfly
Belokobylskij S.A. and Lelj, A.S. 2017. Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia, Vol. I, Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg. 477 pp
. Benson, R.B. 1952. Hymenoptera 2. Symphyta-Section A. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 6. Pt. 2. Royal Entomological Society, London. pp: 1-49
. Bivol, A., Ciornei, C. and Timuș, A. 2021. First report of Tomostethus nigritus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) as a defoliator of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in the Republic of Moldova. Forestry Studies, 74(1): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2021-0005
. Calmasur, O. and Ozbek, H. 2004. A contribution to the knowledge of Tenthredinidae (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) fauna of
Turkey, part II: Subfamilies Blenocampinae, Dolerinae, Nematinae and Selandrinae. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28(1): 55-71. Goulet, H. 1992. The genera and subgenera of the sawflies of Canada and Alaska: Hymenoptera: Symphyta. The insects and
arachnids of Canada. Part 20. Agriculture Canada Publication. Jansen, E., Taeger, A. and Liston, A. 2021. In memory of Bruno Peter: fresh insight on the Swiss sawfly fauna (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Contribution to Entomology 71(2): 283-300. doi:10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.2.283-300
Jess, S., Murchie, A., Allen, D. and Crory, A. 2017. First observation of Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricious)(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on urban ash trees in Ireland. The Irish Naturalists Journal 35(2): 134-136
. Kheyrandish, M., Talebi, A.A. and Blank, S.M. 2017. Checklist of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3(3): 165-227
. Lee, J., Park, D. and Choi, J.K. 2019. Synoptic lit of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) in Korea. Journal of Species Research 8(1): 1-96. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2019.8.1.001
. Liston, A.D. 2005. Records of Irish sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) including eight species new to Ireland. The Irish Naturalists Journal 28(4): 159-161
. Macek, J. 2014. Descriptions of larvae of the central European Eutomostethus species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54(2): 685-692
. Matosevic, D., Hrasovec, B. and Pernek, M. 2003. Spread and character of Tomostethus nigritus F. outbreaks in Croatia during the last decade. Proceedings: Ecology, Survey and Management of Forest Insects. U.S. Dep. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. pp: 39-43
. Mocreac, N. 2020. Tomostethus nigritus F. (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)- A new pest species of ash tree in the republic of Moldova. Muzeul Olteniei Craiova 36(1): 90-95
. Smith, L.R., Johnson, M.P. and Williams, A.B. 2023. Evaluation of botanical extracts against the pear slug sawfly (Caliroa cerasi) in organic orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 116(4): 1450-1460. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad123
. Smith, D.R. 1993. Systematics, Life History and Distribution of Sawflies. In: Wagner, M.R. and Raffa, K.K. (eds.). Sawfly Life History Adaptations to Woody Plants. Academic Pres Inc. pp: 3-32
. Smith, D.R. 1969. Nearctic Sawflies. I. Blennocampinae: adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Technical Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1397: 1-176
. Soldi, E., Fuller, E., Tiley, A.M.M., Murchie, A.K., Hodkinson, T.R. 2022. First report of the ash sawfly, Tomostethus nigritus, established on Fraxinus excelsior in the Republic of Ireland. Insects 13: 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010006
. Stockan, J. and Taylor, A.F.S. 2014. An outbreak of Tomostethus nigritus F. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Aberdeen urban ash trees. British Journal of Entomological Natural History 27: 190-191. (short communication)
Taeger, A. and Blank, S.M. 2011. ECatSym—Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Program version 3.10, data version 38 (07.12.2011). Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg. Available from http://www.sdei.de/ecatsym/index.html
. Taeger, A., Blank, S.M. and Liston, A. 2010. World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580 (2580): 1–1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2580.1.1
. Verheyde, F. and Sioen, G. 2019. Outbreaks of Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Raxinus angustifolia, Raywood, in Belgium. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 72: 67-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38284
. Wei, M., Nie, H. and Taeger, A. 2006. Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China- Checklist and Review of Research. In: Blank, S.M., Schmidt, S. and Taeger, A. (eds.). Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke and Evans, Keltern. pp: 505-576
.