Personality Tests and Analysis of Donald Trump's Personality: Psycho-Political outlook

Subject Areas :

علی اشرف نظری ¹ , Amir Mollai Mozaffari ²

1 - استاد دانشگاه تهران
2 - PhD student in Political Science, University of Tehran.

Received: 2020-10-16 Accepted : 2021-06-14 Published : 2021-03-21

Keywords: Narcissism, psychology, Mental disorders, Donald Trump, Personality Test,

Abstract :

Donald Trump is one of the political figures whose understanding of the nature of his thinking and behavior has attracted the attention of psychologists more than any previous president of the United States of America, because he shows high levels of mobility and excitement. Thus, many psychologists have attempted in their numerous articles and interviews to analyze the behavior and words of Trump based on various personality tests. This article attempts to highlight the similarities and differences in the findings of the most reliable diagnoses and study the intellectual and psychological structure of Donald Trump. The main question here is concerned with the nature of Donald Trump’s character and how his behavior can be understood, analyzed and predicted. To this end, Trump’s character has been studied through the lenses of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, DSM-4’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria, The Big Five Model, and the six-dimensional HEXACO Model. Examining and evaluating the results of various psychological tests and analyzing Trump's personality can lead to a deeper understanding of political behaviors and actions and the possibility of predicting his actions during his term in the presidential office..

References:

عصـر ایران، (1395)، روانکاو آمریکایی: ترامپ خودشیفتگی بدخیم دارد. نشـر یافته در https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/520576/، تاریخ آخرین دسترسی: 21/4/1399.

نقیب‌زاده، احمد، (1391)، درآمدی بر جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی، تهران: سمت.

هاوتن، دیوید پاتریک، (1398، روان‌شناسی سیاسی، ترجمة علی‌اشرف نظری و شهرزاد مفتوح، چاپ چهارم، تهران: قومس.

Albertazzi, D., & McDonnell, D. (Eds.). (2007). Twenty-first century populism: The spectre of Western European democracy. Springer.

Ashcroft, A. (2016). Donald Trump: Narcissist, psychopath or representative of the people? Psychotherapy and Politics International, 14(3), 217-222.

Cartwright, Z. (2017). Johns Hopkins’ Top Psychologist Releases Terrifying Diagnosis of President Trump. US Uncut. Retrieved from https:/ /web. archive. org/web /20170202034508/http://usuncut.com/politics/top-psychologist-just-diagnosed-trump-mental-disorder/.

Cherry, K. (2019). The Big Five Personality Traits. Very well mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422.

Draper, R. (2018). The man behind the President’s tweets. The New York Times, 16.Retrieved fromhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/16/magazine/dan-scavino-the-secretary-of-o ffense.html.

Dyson, S. B., & Raleigh, A. L. (2014). Public and private beliefs of political leaders: Saddam Hussein in front of a crowd and behind closed doors. Research & Politics, 1(1), 2053168014537808.

Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY, 259.

Hawkins, K. A. (2010). Venezuela's chavismo and populism in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.

Immelman, A. (2017). The Leadership Style of U.S. President Donald J. Trump (Working Paper No. 1.1). Unit for the Study of Personality in Politics. Collegeville and St. Joseph, MN: St. John’s University and the College of St. Benedict. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/psychology_pubs/107/.

Jarret, Ch. (2019). Study Compares Trump’s Personality with Other Populist Leaders and Finds He Is an 'Outlier among the Outliers'. researchdigest. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2019/01/31/study-compares-trumps-personality-with-other-populist-leaders-and-finds-he-is-an-outlier-among-the-outliers/.

Kutler, Stanley I. (1998). Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes. New York. Free Press.

Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2013). The H factor of personality: Why some people are manipulative, self-entitled, materialistic, and exploitive—and why it matters for everyone. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press.

Levin, A. (2018). Goldwater rule’s origins based on long-ago controversy. American Psychiatric Association, 51, 29-33. Retrieved from https:/ /psychnews.Psychiatry online.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.9a19.

McAdams, D. P. (2016). The mind of Donald Trump. The Atlantic, 5. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/06/the-mind-of-donald-trump/480771/.

Mudde, C. & Europe, P. R. R. P. I., (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe (p. 234). Cambridge: Cambridge university press.

Nai, A., Martínez i Coma, F., & Maier, J. (2019). Donald Trump, populism, and the age of extremes: Comparing the personality traits and campaigning styles of Trump and other leaders worldwide. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 49(3), 609-643.

Owens, M. (2016). The One Personality Trait That Won Donald Trump the Presidency. truity. Retrieved from https://www.truity.com/blog/one-personality-trait-won-donald-trump-presidency. Pearson (n.d.). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III-FAQs. Retrieved from https:// www. pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Per sonality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Millon-Clinical-Multiaxial-Inventory-III/p/100000662 .html?tab=faqs. Psychologytoday (n.d.). Psychopathy. Retrieved from https:// www. psychologytoday. Com /us /basics/psychopathy.

Samek, A. (2017). The association between personality traits and voting in the 2016 US Presidential Election. CESR-Schaeffer Working Paper, (2017-002).

Simonton, D. K. (1988). Presidential style: Personality, biography, and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 928.

Snyder, M. (1987). Public appearances, Private realities: The psychology of self-monitoring. WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.

Tetlock, P. E., & Manstead, A. S. (1985). Impression management versus intrapsychic explanations in social psychology: A useful dichotomy? Psychological review, 92(1), 59.

Thomsen, J. (2018). Trump Biographer: Trump Didn't Write Any of His Books. thehill. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/395464-trump-biographer-trump-didnt-write-any-of-his-books.

Trevor-Roper, H., R. (1953). Hitler's Table Talk, 1941-1944. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

Visser, B. A., Book, A. S., & Volk, A. A. (2017). Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates' public personas. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 281-286. Wikipedia (n.d.) (A). Bibliography of Donald Trump. Retrieved August 4, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump&oldid=907037420. Wikipedia (n.d.) (B). Big Five Personality Traits. Retrieved August 9, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Five_personality_traits&oldid=909304571. Wikipedia (n.d.) (C). HEXACO Model of Personality Structure. Retrieved August 12, 2019, fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HEXACO_model_of_personality_structure&oldid=907994093