Impact of Aerobic and Cognitive-Aerobic Preconditioning on Hazardous Lipid Profiles and Homocysteine Levels in Elderly Rats with Dementia
Subject Areas : New studies in exercise metabolism and physical activityAlireza safari 1 , Mostafa Teymuri Kheravi 2
1 - Student
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
Keywords: dementia, dementia, Serum lipids homocysteine,
Abstract :
Introduction: Dementia is one of the most common organic diseases of the brain, which is the origin of many other brain-related diseases. Serum lipids and homocysteine are among the judgments of life dementia research factors. The aim of the present study is the effect of pre-training by endurance and cognitive endurance training on the level of serum lipids, after being diagnosed with dementia. Methods: For this purpose, 40 elderly male rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10, healthy control, dementia group, endurance group and cognitive endurance group. Mice in endurance and cognitive endurance groups became dementia patients after 8 weeks of exercise training. The training protocol in the aquatic aerobic training group included training in the Morris Maze for each rat for 3 weeks, 3 days per week, and 4 times per day with a 10-minute training interval. The training protocol in the aerobic training group also included training for 3 weeks, 5 days each week, and 30 minutes each day in the rodent pool. Special measurement kits are used to measure serum levels of homocysteine and lipid factors. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Findings: The findings showed that pre-training with endurance training and cognitive endurance training caused a significant decrease in TC, TG and homocysteine and the findings caused a significant increase in HDL (P≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that preparation by endurance and endurance exercises can reduce serum homocysteine level and reduce lipid factors
1.Tofighi A, Jamali B, Babaei S, Amaghani AJMJoTUoMS. Effect of regular exercise on serum levels of homocysteine and lipid profile in obese female. 2017;39(5):20-7.
2.Riberio DF, Cella PS, da Silva LECM, Jordao AA, Deminice RJLs. Acute exercise alters homocysteine plasma concentration in an intensity-dependent manner due increased methyl flux in liver of rats. 2018;196:63-8.
3.Winchester LJ, Veeranki S, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SCJPr. Exercise mitigates the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on adverse muscle remodeling. 2018;6(6):e13637.
4.Arfuso F, Rizzo M, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Cirincione R, Cassata G, et al. Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters’ Assessment Together with Homocysteine and Muscle Enzymes in Racehorses: Evaluation of Positive Effects of Exercise. 2022;11(6):1176.
5.Kim D-J, Kim J-HJM-LU. Effects of Lower Body Muscle Exercise on Blood Lipids and Homocystein. 2020;20(1).
6.Ancelin M-L, Ripoche E, Dupuy A-M, Barberger-Gateau P, Auriacombe S, Rouaud O, et al. Sex differences in the associations between lipid levels and incident dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2013;34(2):519-28.
7.Valenzuela M, Sachdev P. Can cognitive exercise prevent the onset of dementia? Systematic review of randomized clinical trials with longitudinal follow-up. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2009;17(3):179-87.
8.Wang W, Li J, Ji P, Bian R, Xiong YJPM. Association between regular aerobic exercise and hyperhomocysteine in hypertensive patients. 2020;132(5):458-64.
9.Tankeu AT, Van Winckel G, Campos-Xavier B, Braissant O, Pedro R, Superti-Furga A, et al. Classical homocystinuria, is it safe to exercise? 2021;27:100746.
10.Çelik NM, Soyal MJPoPC, Sports. The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals. 2020;24(5):219-26.
11.Ahlskog JE, Geda YE, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, editors. Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging. Mayo clinic proceedings; 2011: Elsevier.
12.Teymuri Kheravi M, Nayebifar S, Aletaha SM, Sarhadi S. The effect of two types of exercise preconditioning on the expression of TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 genes in rats with stroke. BioMed Research International. 2021;2021:1-7.
13.Lee B-A, Oh D-J. Effect of regular swimming exercise on the physical composition, strength, and blood lipid of middle-aged women. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2015;11(5):266.
14.Maroto-Sánchez B, Lopez-Torres O, Palacios G, González-Gross MJCC, Medicine L. What do we know about homocysteine and exercise? A review from the literature. 2016;54(10):1561-77.
15.Yang Q, Sun D, Pei C, Zeng Y, Wang Z, Li Z, et al. LDL cholesterol levels and in-hospital bleeding in patients on high-intensity antithrombotic therapy: findings from the CCC-ACS project. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(33):3175-86.
16.Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The Lancet. 2013;382(9889):331-7.
17.Ma X, Sun Z, Han X, Li S, Jiang X, Chen S, et al. Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol via activation of Sirt1 signaling in a rat model of combined diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2020;13:1400.
18.Iwagami M, Qizilbash N, Gregson J, Douglas I, Johnson M, Pearce N, et al. Blood cholesterol and risk of dementia in more than 1· 8 million people over two decades: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Healthy Longevity. 2021;2(8):e498-e506.
19.Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(21):2074-81.
20.Smith AD. The worldwide challenge of the dementias: a role for B vitamins and homocysteine? Food and nutrition bulletin. 2008;29(2_suppl1):S143-S72.
21.Soni RM, Tiwari SC, Mahdi AA, Kohli N. Serum homocysteine and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: Is there any correlation in Alzheimer’s disease? Annals of Neurosciences. 2019;25(3):152-9.
22.Mir E, Fathei M, Sayeedi MM, . HK. The effect of eight weeks combined training (erobic-resistance) on homocysteine, c-reactive protein and lipid profile in inactive elderly men. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2021;36(6):6-80.
23.Kelley G, K. K. Effects of Exercise and physical activity on homocysteine in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Exercise Phys. 2018;11(5):12-23.
24.Vicent K BR, Bottiglieri T, Vincent H, D. L. homocystein and lipoprotein level following resistance training in older adults. 2003;7(1):1-90.
25.Okura T, Rankinen T, Gagnon G, Cacan S, Davignon J, Leon A. Effects of regular Exercise on homocysteine concentrations: The HERITAGE Family Study. J Apply Phys. 2019;98(2):349-401.
26.Choobineh S, Dabidiroshan V, A. G. Effect of two training method of continuous and interval aerobic training on HS-CRP in wistar rats. J movement science & sport. 2023;5(9):1-13.
27.de Jong N, Paw MJCA, de Groot LC, Rutten RA, Swinkels DW, Kok FJ, et al. Nutrient-dense foods and exercise in frail elderly: effects on B vitamins, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, and neuropsychological functioning. 2001;73(2):338-46.
28.Deminice R, Ribeiro DF, Frajacomo FTTJPo. The effects of acute exercise and exercise training on plasma homocysteine: a meta-analysis. 2016;11(3):e0151653.
29.Deminice R, Ribeiro DF, Frajacomo FTT. The effects of acute exercise and exercise training on plasma homocysteine: a meta-analysis. PloS one. 2016;11(3):e0151653.
30.Öhman H, Savikko N, Strandberg TE, Pitkälä KH. Effect of physical exercise on cognitive performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 2014;38(5-6):347-65.
31.Toots A, Littbrand H, Boström G, Hörnsten C, Holmberg H, Lundin-Olsson L, et al. Effects of exercise on cognitive function in older people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2017;60(1):323-32.
32.Kemoun G, Thibaud M, Roumagne N, Carette P, Albinet C, Toussaint L, et al. Effects of a physical training programme on cognitive function and walking efficiency in elderly persons with dementia. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 2010;29(2):109-14.
33.Nascimento SPd, Bastos EA, Araújo EC, Freire Filho FR, Silva EMd. Tolerância ao déficit hídrico em genótipos de feijão-caupi. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. 2011;15:853-60.
34.Huang Y, Sun X, Jiang H, Yu S, Robins C, Armstrong MJ, et al. A machine learning approach to brain epigenetic analysis reveals kinases associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Nature communications. 2021;12(1):4472.
35.Gates CC, Freese CH, Gogan PJ, Kotzman M. American bison: status survey and conservation guidelines 2010: IUCN; 2010.
36.Karssemeijer EE, Aaronson JJ, Bossers WW, Smits TT, Kessels RR. Positive effects of combined cognitive and physical exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis. Ageing research reviews. 2017;40:75-83.
37.Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C, Weintraub D, Marder K, Kulisevsky J, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology. 2010;75(12):1062-9.