Effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer sources on seed yield and some agronomic characteristics of winter rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) in Arak (Iran)
Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture
H. Abedian
1
(M.Sc. Graduate Student at Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Borojerd, Iran.)
A. Farnia
2
(Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Borojerd, Iran.)
M. Mostafavi Rad
3
(Scientific Member of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran)
Keywords: Seed yield, Rapeseed, Nitrogen Sources, Variety, agronomic characteristics,
Abstract :
To evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources on seed yield and some agronomic characteristics of different winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties a split plot field experiment, arranged in complete block design with three replications was carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak (Iran), during 2009-2010 growing season. Three nitrogen sources (2-Amonium Phosphat, Amonium Nitrat and Urea) and five rapeseed varieties (Okapi, Modena, Licord, SLM046 and Talayeh) were randomized in main plots and sub-plots, respectively. In this research, the interaction effects between urea fertilizer × Modena variety and 2-Amonium Phosphat × Talayeh showed the highest seed and oil yield per unit area, respectively. Talayeh variety produced the greatest seed oil content as affected by 2-Amonium Phosphat fertilizer in comparison with Modena variety. Hence, the positive relationship was observed between oil yield per unit area and seed yield in rapeseed. The interaction effect between urea fertilizer × Modena variety increased seed yield due to increment of biological yield, length of flowering period, days to end of flowering. The interaction effect between 2-Amonium Phosphat × Talayeh variety enhanced seed yield by means of increasing the length of maturity, plant growth period and harvest index. Inaddition, 2-Amonium Phosphat × Modena variety showed the the highest numbers of siliques per plant and the lowest seed yield per unit area. In this study, There was positive and significant correlations between seed yield and biological yield (r=0.91**) and harvest index (r=0.61**). Also, correlation coefficient between oil yield and seed yield (r=0.98**) and seed oil content (r=0.58**) was positive and significant.
- احمدزاده، م.، سمیع زاده، ح. و احمدی، ا. 1386. ارزیابی عملکرد دانه و روغن، کیفیت روغن و کنجاله و سایر صفات مهم زراعی کلزا در کرج. دومین سمینار علمی کاربردی دانه های روغنی و روغن های نباتی ایران، تهران، صفحه 34-24.
2- پهلوان راد، م.، فنایی، خ.، دهمرده، خ.، ناروئی راد، م. و راشکی، ع. 1388. عکسالعمل گیاه کلزا به منابع مختلف و زمانهای تقسیط ازت در منطقه سیستان. یازدهمین کنگره علاو خاک ایران، گرگان، صفحه 194.
3- خادمی، ز.، ملکوتی، م. ج.، رضایی، ح. و مهاجرمیلانی، پ. 1379. تغذیۀ بهینۀ کلزا. نشر آموزش کشاورزی، 173 ص.
4- دانشور، م. 1387. اثر تنش آب و کمبود نیتروژن بر صفات کمی و کیفی و شاخص های فیزیولوژیک دو رقم کلزا در منطقه خرم آباد. رساله دکتری رشته زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 214 ص.
5- قدمی، ن. 1389. زراعت و اصلاح کلزا (کاشت، داشت و برداشت). انتشارات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، چاپ اول، 231ص.
6- مصطفوی راد، م.، محمودی، و. ر. و طهماسبی سروستانی، ز. 1385. اثرات انواع کود نیتروژنه بر انتقال مجدد ماده خشک، عملکرد و برخی صفات زراعی در سه رقم گندم پرمحصول. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، جلد سیزدهم، شماره 6: صفحه67-57.
7- مصطفوی راد، م.، محمودی، و. ر. و طهماسبی سروستانی، ز. 1385. مطالعه اثر نوع کود نیتروژنه بر انتقال مجدد ماده خشک و نیتروژن، عملکرد وا جزای عملکرد ارقام برنج. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان. جلد سیزدهم، شماره 3: صفحه 87-76.
8- وراوی پور، م. 1385. مدیریت پایدار ماده آلی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 542 ص.
9- Ahmad, M., Thomas, A., Richard, R. and Emmanuel, F. 2000. Tillage intensity, mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi, and nutrient concentrations in maize, wheat and canola. Agron. J. 92: 1117-1124.
10- Ali, N., Javidfar, F., Jafarieh Yazdi, E. and Mirza, M. Y. 2003. Relationship among yield components and selection criteria for yield improvement in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pak. J. Bot. 35: 167-174.
11- Basalma, D. 2008. The correlation and path analysis of yield and yield components of different winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Res. J. Agric. Biolo. Sci. 4: 120-125.
12- Chango, G. and Mc Vetty, P. B. E. 2001. Relatioship of physiological characters to yield parameters in oilseed rape. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 1-6.
13- Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Field Crops Res. 67: 35 – 49.
14- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2008. Available at http://faostat.fao.org /site/567/default.aspx. Last acssess on 20.3.2010.
15- Gan, Y., Malhi, S. S., Brandt, S., Katepa, M. and Stevenson, C. 2008. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake of jouncea canola under diverse environments. Agron. J. 100: 285-295.
16- Kapila, S. and shivay, Y. S. 2008. Nitrogen sources, sulphar and boron levels on proctivity, nutrient uptake and quality of san flower (Helanthas annus). Ind. J. Agron. 53(2): 129-134.
17- Kimber, D. S. and Mc Gregor, D. L. 1995. Brassica oilseed: Production and Utilization. 1th edn. CAB International, Oxan UK, pp.394.
18- Mendham, N. J., Shipway, P. A. and Bazza, G. C. 1981.The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant population density on the response to delayed sowing in winter oilseed rape (Brassica rapus L.). J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 83: 403–414.
19- Morrison, M. J., Voldeng, H. D. and Cober, E. R. 1999. Physiological changes from 58 years of genetic improvement of short season soybean cultivars in Canada. Agron. J. 91: 685-689.
20- Ozer, H., Oral, E. and Dogru, U. 1999. Relationships between yield and yield components on currently improved spring rapeseed cultivars. Turk. J. Agric. Forest. 23: 603-607.
21- Rao, M. S. S. and Mendhan, N. J. 1991. Comparison of canola (Brassica campestris L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Using different growth regulators, plant population densities and irrigation treatments. J. Agric. Sci. 77: 177-187.
22- Rathke, G. W., Christen, O. and Diepenbrock, W. 2005. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Res. 94: 103-113.
23- Sharpley, A. N., Mc Dowell, R. and Kleinmon, P. J. A. 2004. Amounts, forms and solubility of phosphorus in soils receiving manure. Soil. Sci. Soci. America J. 68: 2048 – 205.
24- Tiwari, P. N., Gambhir, P. N. and Rajan, T. S. 1974. Rapid and non-destructive determination of seed oil by pulsed NMR technique, J. American Oil Chem. Soci. 51:104–109.
25- Wu, M. and Zeng, X. 2003. Studies on preparation and its functional properties of rapeseed protein concentrate. 11th International Rapeseed Congress, Agricultural University Copenhagen. Denmark.
26- Zhang, G. and Zhou, W. 2006. Genetic analysis of agronomic and seed quality traits of synthetic oilseed Brassica napus produced from interspecific hybridization of Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea. J. Genet. 85 (1): 45-51.