Studies on the Effect of Potassium,Zinc and Copper on Yield Production Wheat in Water Deficient

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

Hamid reza Mobaser ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد زاهدان، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، زاهدان، ایران)
Hosein Heydari Sharifabad ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تهران،ایران)
Hamid Madani ³ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، اراک، ایران)

Received: 2015-12-01 Accepted : 2015-12-01 Published : 2011-02-20

Keywords: factor analysis, Cluster analysis, barley, heritability,

Abstract :

     To determine the effect of water deficiency in different stage of two wheat cultivars; Chamran and Kavir, accompany with application of various elements such as potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on quantity and quality of yield.  Two years field experiments was carried out as Completely Randomize Block under spilt - spilt plot design with three replicates, on loamy fine sand soil during 2001 until 2003 growth season at the Research Center Institute of Zabol which is located in the Eastern of Iran. In these experiments, treatments of irrigation involved; well -irrigation, stop - irrigation after pollination (1 - 10.5, Fix scale) and stop- irrigation after milky stage of grain (5 -10.5, Fix scale), and fertilizer treatments included; nil fertilizer, copper sulphate  (Cu So4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSo4), potassium sulphate (K2 So4) as 0, 30, 40 and 150 kg per hater, respectively. All fertilizer is applied at sowing time as sub- plots. The results of this study highlight that the stopped- irrigation at pollination stage reduced significantly biological yield, grain yield production and harvest index. However, in this case Chamran produced high biological yield and grain yield than Kaiver. In addition, application of fertilizer has significant effect on grain yield. In this experiment, stopped-irrigation treatments had significant effect on, nitrogen  (N) concentration of grain. Also, K, Zn, and Cu increased high concentration of N in grain, and Chamran varity accumulated high N in grain than Kaiver.

References:

 

1- اسکندری، ا. ر. 1379. برهمکنش رژیم رطوبتی خاک و سطوح پتاسیم بر رشد رویشی دو رقم گندم زمستانه. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شیراز.

2- خوگر، ز.، ارشد، ک. و ملکوتی، م. ج. 1379. اثرات بهینه کود در افزایش عملکرد گوجه فرنگی. چاپ اول. نشر آموزش کشاورزی.

3- دانشیان، ج. و پ. جنوبی، 1380. بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه گیاه سویا. مجموعه مقالات هفتمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران. ص63-61.

4- شریفی، ح. ر. و رحیمیان مشهدی، ح. 1380. اثر تنش رطوبت، تراکم و رقم گندم دیم در شرایط شمال خراسان. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. سال هشتم. شماره اول. بهار1380.

5- ضیاییان، ع. و ملکوتی، م. ج. 1377. بررسی اثرات کودهای محتوی عناصر ریزمغذی و زمان مصرف آنها در افزایش تولید ذرت. مجله پژوهش خاک و آب جلد12. شماره 1 (ویژه نامه مصرف بهینه کود) مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، تهران، ایران.

6- ملکوتی، م. ج. 1373. حاصلخیزی خاکهای خشک. مشکلات و راه حل ها. انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

7- ملکوتی، م. ج. 1383. مقاله افزایش تولید گندم و بهبود سلامتی مردم از طریق مصرف سولفات روی در مزارع گندم کشور. مجموعه مقالات، تغذیه متعادل گندم راهی به سوی خودکفایی در کشور و تأمین سلامتی جامعه.

8- Alexander, V. T. 1973. Influence of foliar nutrition of urea and potash on wheat under rainfed condition. Potash rev. 9123:2.

9- Bansal, R. L. and Nayyar, V. K.  1989. Effect of zinc fertilizers on rice grown on trypic unto chrepts. IRRI News Letter, 14(5): 24-25.

10- Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. and Teave, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress standies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-107.

11- Beweley, J. D. J. and Krochko, E. 1982. Desiccation tolerance, PP: 325-378. Ino.L. Lange, P.S. Noble, C. B. Osmond, and H. Zieyler (eds.). Physiological Platecology. Vol.2. Water relation and Carbon Assimilation. Springer. Varlay, New York.

12- Brenna, R. F. 1992. The effect of zinc fertilizer on take-all and the grain yield of wheat grown on zinc-deficient siol of the Esperance region, Western Australia, Fertilizer Research. 31:215-219.

13- Chacmak, I., Ekis, H.,  Yilmaz, A.,  Tourn, B., Kolei, N. and Gultekin, A. 1997. Differential response of rye, triticale, bread and durum wheats to zinc deficiency in calcareous soils. Plant and Soil. 188:1-10.

14- Debelo, D., Girma, B., Alemayehu Z. and Gelalcha, S. 2001. Drought tolerance of some bread wheat genotypes in Ethiopa. African crop science journal. Vol. 9(2): 393-400.

15- Grundon, N. J. 1991. Copper deficiency of wheat: effects of soil water content and fertilizer placement on plant growth. Plant nutrition. J. 14(5): 499-509.

16- Guttieri, M. J., Ahmad, R., stark, J. C. and souza, E. 2000. End-use quality of six hard red spring wheat cultivars at different irrigation level. Crop sci. 40: 631-635.

17- Marschner, H. 1993. Mineral nutrition of hisher plants. 2^nd ed. Academic. Press public.

18- Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. Sec. Ed. USA. 320 P.

19- Robertson, M. J. and Giunta, F. 1994. Responses of spring wheat exposed to pre-anthesis water stress. Aust. J. 45: 19-35.

20- Rengel, Z. and Graham, R. D. 1995. Importance of seed Zn – content for wheat growth on zinc deficient soil. II. Grain yield. Plant and soil, 173: 267-274.