Effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexes of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid KSC704 in water deficit stress

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

Meysam Oveisi ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین (پیشوا)، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، ورامین، ایران)
Mohamad javad Mirhadi ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تهران، ایران)
Hamid Madani ³ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، اراک، ایران)
GHorban Noormohammadi ⁴ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تهران، ایران)
Reza Zarghami ⁵ (دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات تهیه نهال و بذر کرج)

Received: 2015-12-01 Accepted : 2015-12-01 Published : 2011-02-20

Keywords: Drought stress, corn, defoliation, Remobilization, sink capacity,

Abstract :

       The effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexesof corn was studied in Varamin, Iran, during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with split plot arrangement. The irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots. The intensity and time of defoliation combination were allotted to sub plots. In moderate irrigation plots, the irrigation was done when the soil water content reached to 75% of available water content. In under stress plots, two short periods of water-holding were applied at V8 and tasseling growth stages. Defoliation treatments were consisted of: Control, cutting 1:3 of leaves at V8, cutting of 2:3 of leaves at V8, Cutting 1:3 of leaves at tasseling and cutting 2:3 of leaves at tasseling. This result showed that remobilization efficiency of stem reserves for grain yield is mostly related to sink capacity than source strength. Under moderate irrigation, later or more intensity defoliation decreased the RGR. While under drought stress, cutting the 2/3 of leaves did not decrease the relative growth rate. The improved NAR due to defoliation caused to compensate the decreased leaf area. So, late and more intensity defoliation could not decrease the CGR. The grain yield of 8.9 t ha-1 was attained by moderate irrigation which was a results of 16.4% and 27.3% greater biomass and harvest index compared to the water stress conditions. This indicates that pot-anthesis water deficiency decreased the sink capacity more than source strength. The results showed that under water deficiency and source strength restriction, the stem reserves play an important role in grains filling process. But under high soil water supply, these reserves will be needed when the source strength is limited after flowering stage. Under moderate irrigation, there were not significant differences among defoliation treatment for remobilization efficiency of reserves from stem to grains.  

References:

1- اویسی، م. 1384. بررسی تاثیر کشت مخلوط و کود نیتروژن بر صفات زراعی و مرفوفیزیولوژیک دو هیبرید ذرت. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه تهران. 105 صفحه.

2- اویسی، م. 1389. بررسی اثر میزان و زمان حذف برگ بر صفات مرفوفیزیولوژیک، توزیع و تسهیم ماده خشک ذرت دانه ای رقم KSC704 در شرایط کم آبی. رساله دکتری. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران. 112 صفحه.

3- راهنما قهفرخی، ا. 1382. بررسی اثر تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف رشد و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد و کیفیت ذرت دانه ای. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد.دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه تهران. 150 صفحه.

4- رنجبر، ح. 1384. تاثیر تنش خشکی و تنک کردن در مراحل مختلف رشد بر ویژگی های ظاهری فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد دانه ذرت هیبرید سینگل کراس704. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی،  دانشگاه شیراز. 125 صفحه.

5- میرهادی،م. 1380. ذرت. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. انتشارات وزارت جهادکشاورزی. 214 صفحه.

6- Alvaro, F., Royo, C., Garcia Del Moral, L. F. and Villegas, D. 2007. Grain filling and dry matter translocation response to source–sink modifications in a historical series of Durum Wheat. Crop Sci. 48: 1523-1531.

7- Andrade, F., Echarte, L., Rizzalli, R., Della, A. and Casanovas, M. 2002. Kernel number prediction in maize under nitrogen or water stress. Crop Sci. 42: 1173-1179.

8- Borras, L., Maddonni, G. A. and Otegui, M. E.2003. Leaf senescence in maize hybrids: plant population, row spacing and kernel set effects. Field. Crop. Res. 82: 13-26.

9- Borras, L. and Westgate, E. 2006. Predicting maize kernel sink capacity early in development. Field. Crop. Res. 95: 223-233.

10- Borras, L. and Otegui, M. E. 2006. Source–sink relations and kernel weight differences in maize temperate hybrids. Field. Crop. Res. 95: 316-326.

11- Eghareuba, P. N., Horocks, R. D. and Zuber, M. S. 2006. Dry matter accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to defoliation. Agron. J. 93: 40-43.

12- Graybill, J. S., Cox, W. and Otis, D. 1991. Yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by hybrids, planting dates and plant density. Agron. J. 83: 559-564.

13- Hume, D. J. and Campbell, D. K. 1992. Accumulation and translocation of soluble solids in corn (Zea mays L.) stalks. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 363-368.

14- Hunter, R. B., Mortimor, C. and Kannenberg, L. W. 2002. Inbred maize (Zea mays L.) performance following tassel and leaf removal. Agron. J. 82: 471-474.

15- Lauer, J., Roth, G. and Bertram, M. 2004. Impact of defoliation on corn forage yield. Agron. J. 96: 1459-1463.

16- Matthew, J. P. and Foyer, C. H. 2001. Sink regulation of photosynthesis. J. Exp. Bot. 52 (360): 1383-400.

17- Madani, A., Shirani Rad, A. H., Pazoki, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh. and Zarghami, R. 2010. Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) grain filling and dry matter partitioning responses to source: sink modifications under post an thesis water and nitrogen deficiency. Acta. Sci. Agr. 32(1): 145-151.

18- Mazaheri, D., Madani, A. and Oveysi, M. 2006. Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 7: 2, 359-364.

19- Oveysi, M., Mirhadi, M. J., Madani, H.,  Nourmohammadi, G. and Zarghami, R. 2010. The impact of source restriction on yield formation of corn (Zea  Mays L.) due to water deficiency. Plant, Soil and Environment. 56: 476 – 481.

20- Palmer, A., Heichel, G. H. and Musgrave, R. B. 1973. Patterns of translocation, respiratory loss, and maize (Zea mays L.) labeled after flowering. Crop Sci. 13: 371-376.

21- Rajcan, I. and Tollenaar, M. 1999. Source-sink ratio and leaf senescence in maize. II. Nitrogen metabolism during grain filling. Field. Crop. Res. 60: 255-265.

22- Sinclair, T. R. and Jamieson, P. D. 2008. Yield and grain number of wheat: A correlation or casual relationship? Authors’ Response to ‘’The importance of grain or kernel number in wheat: A reply to Sinclair and Jamieson’’ by R. A. Fisher. Field. Crop. Res. 105: 22-26.

23- Stewart, D. W., Costa, C., Dwyer, L. M., Smith, D. L., Hamilton, R. I. and Ma, B. L. 2003. Canopy structure, light interception, and photosynthesis rate in Maize (Zea mays L.) under water stress. Euphytica. 121: 279-287.

24- Shapiro, C., Peterson, T. and Flowerday, A. 1986. Yield loss due to simulated hail damage on corn: A comparison of actual and predicted values. Agron. J. 78, 585-589.

25- Schussler, J. R. and Westgate, M. E. 1991. Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel set at low water potential: II. Sensitivity to reduce assimilates at pollination. Crop Sci. 31: 1196-1203.

26-Yang, J., Sears, R. G., Gil, B. S. and Paulsen, G. M. 2002. Genotypic difference in utilization of assimilates sources during maturation of wheat under chronic heat and heat shock stresses. Euphytica. 125: 179-188.

27- Yang, Z. and Midmore, D. 2004. Experimental assessment of the impact of defoliation on growth and production of water stressed maize and cotton plants. Exp. Agric. 40: 189-199.

28- Yi, L., Shenjiao, Y., Shiqing, L., Xinping, C. and Fang, C. N. 2010. Growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to different field water management practices: Resource captures and uses efficiency. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 150: 606-613.