Effect of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference on growth period, chlorophyle content, leaf senescence and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis)
Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture
1 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Essence yield, Relative emergence time, Senescence symptoms,
Abstract :
In order to study effect of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference on some traits of marigold (Calendula officinalis) and weed seed production index a factorial experiment was conducted during 2012 in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, based on randomized complete blocks design in 3 replications. Studied factors were weed densities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per meter row and its relative emergence times of simultaneously, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop. Results indicated that emergence of 4 weed plants per meter row had no significant effect on crop growth period. With increasing of weed density more than 4 plants per meter row leaf chlorophyle content index decreased fron 17.5 to 13.5 (17.5% reduction). Weed interference caused to earlier appearance of leaf senescence symptoms from 9 to 13 days. Effect of higher weed densities on plant height was more than lower densities. Lambsquarters had greater negative effect on marigold yield, and weed density was more effective than its emergence time. Harvest index in weedy plots reduced fron 32% to 25%. Essence yield in marigold decreased 14.4 mL m-2 per weed density. In weed plants emerged simultaneously, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop, 5.6%, 4.4%, 4.1% and 4% of above ground biomass allocated to seed, respectively. It is recommended for the weed controling in marigold field, when emerged atleast 2 plants per meter crop row simultaneously or 10 days after crop.
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