Study of Soil Conservation in Agroforestry systems (Case study: Friedan and Chadegan cities in Esfahan province)
Subject Areas :
forest
زهره Bazvand
1
,
S.M Hasani
2
,
داود azadfar
3
,
G.H Zahedi Amiri
4
,
محمد Avatefi hemmat
5
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
5 - استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
Received: 2016-02-01
Accepted : 2016-10-26
Published : 2016-12-20
Keywords:
Erodibility,
Agroforestry systems,
Chemical and physical properties of soil,
Soil conservation,
Abstract :
Soil is one of the most important parts of the renewable natural resources, which is damaged by cutting down the trees. If this valuable resource is not protected, the output of it is reduced and the life of mankind and plants are endangered. Soil conservation is a crucial issue and understanding how it is influenced by different factors is of utmost importance in agroforestry systems. The efficiency of agroforestry systems for regulating soil erosion can be increased in response to the similarities between these systems to the natural forest concerning the litter frequency, distance and height of trees. This study was conducted to determine the best agroforestry systems in respect to erodibility along with soil conservation. The results of this investigation comprise diverse aspects. The two important aspects of this study include (1) identification and recording the number of systems, operations and agroforestry technologies present in the area and (2) exploring the soil condition of agroforestry systems, available in the area as well as conserving the soil in these systems. Regarding the literature reviews, 3 factors were evaluated to determine the erodibility or non-erodibility of agroforestry systems (texture, porosity and soil gravimetric moisture percent). As expected, the results of this investigation revealed that trees were appropriate candidates for soil conservation and reclamation in terms of erodibility in relation to other systems in this region.
References:
References
Agricultural Jihad 0rganization of Isfahan. (2012). Performance assessment report of agricultural Jihad organization management in province's cites, 81pp.
Black, C.A. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. PP:545-566, Ser. No. 9. ASA. Madison, WI.(In Persian).
Bouyoucos, G.j. 1962. Hydrometer Method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agron, Jou 54: 464-465.
Carlowitz, G. (1989). Agroforestry technologies and fodder production-concepts and examples. Agroforestry Journal, 9:1-16.
Gruenewald, H., 2006. Anbau schnellwachsender Gehoelze fuerdie energetische Verwertung in einem Alley- Cropping- System auf Kippsubsrtaten des Lausitzer Braunkohlereviers. Cottbuser Schriften zu Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung 28pp.
Kalaba, K.F., Chirwa, P., Syampungani, S., and Ajayi, C.O. (2010). Contribution of agroforestry to biodiversity and livelihoods improvement in rural communities of Southern African regions, Environmental Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 10(3): 461-476.
Matinkhah, S.H., Shamekhi, T., Khajedin, G., Kafari, M., and Jalalian, A. (2003). Developing a method for diagnosis and characterization of traditional agroforestry systems in Iran (Case Study: Kohkiloieh and Boyerahmad province). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 56 (3): 213-228. (In Persian).
Nair, P.K.R., 1993. An introduction to agroforestry, kluwer academic publishers, the Netherlands, 499pp.
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. 1992. Method of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy Madison Wl, USA.
Pinho, R.C., Miller, R.P., and Afaia, S.S., 2012. Agroforestry and the improvement of soil fertility: Aview from Amazonia, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012(3): 25-36.
Refahi H. (2009). Water erosion and conservation, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 674pp. (In Persian).
Refahi H. (2009).Wind erosion and conservation, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 315pp. (In Persian).
Ritro, G.Y., Avinimelich, M. 2003. Emperical relationship between conventionally determined pH and insitu values in waterlogged soil, Agriculture engineeving, Elsevier, 27:1-80.
Salajegheh, A., Seyyed Alipur, M.H., and Hussain Ali Zadeh, M. (2013). Soil conservation and management Principles, University of Tehran Press, Tehran. (In Persian).
Shamekhi,T. (2006). Agroforestry, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 260pp. (In Persian).
Spiegelaar, N.F., Tsuji, J.S., and Oelbermann, M., 2013. The potential use of agroforestry community gardens as a sustainable import-substitution strategy for enhancing food security in subarctic Ontario. Canada, 5: 4057-4075.
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References
Agricultural Jihad 0rganization of Isfahan. (2012). Performance assessment report of agricultural Jihad organization management in province's cites, 81pp.
Black, C.A. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. PP:545-566, Ser. No. 9. ASA. Madison, WI.(In Persian).
Bouyoucos, G.j. 1962. Hydrometer Method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agron, Jou 54: 464-465.
Carlowitz, G. (1989). Agroforestry technologies and fodder production-concepts and examples. Agroforestry Journal, 9:1-16.
Gruenewald, H., 2006. Anbau schnellwachsender Gehoelze fuerdie energetische Verwertung in einem Alley- Cropping- System auf Kippsubsrtaten des Lausitzer Braunkohlereviers. Cottbuser Schriften zu Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung 28pp.
Kalaba, K.F., Chirwa, P., Syampungani, S., and Ajayi, C.O. (2010). Contribution of agroforestry to biodiversity and livelihoods improvement in rural communities of Southern African regions, Environmental Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 10(3): 461-476.
Matinkhah, S.H., Shamekhi, T., Khajedin, G., Kafari, M., and Jalalian, A. (2003). Developing a method for diagnosis and characterization of traditional agroforestry systems in Iran (Case Study: Kohkiloieh and Boyerahmad province). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 56 (3): 213-228. (In Persian).
Nair, P.K.R., 1993. An introduction to agroforestry, kluwer academic publishers, the Netherlands, 499pp.
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. 1992. Method of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy Madison Wl, USA.
Pinho, R.C., Miller, R.P., and Afaia, S.S., 2012. Agroforestry and the improvement of soil fertility: Aview from Amazonia, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012(3): 25-36.
Refahi H. (2009). Water erosion and conservation, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 674pp. (In Persian).
Refahi H. (2009).Wind erosion and conservation, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 315pp. (In Persian).
Ritro, G.Y., Avinimelich, M. 2003. Emperical relationship between conventionally determined pH and insitu values in waterlogged soil, Agriculture engineeving, Elsevier, 27:1-80.
Salajegheh, A., Seyyed Alipur, M.H., and Hussain Ali Zadeh, M. (2013). Soil conservation and management Principles, University of Tehran Press, Tehran. (In Persian).
Shamekhi,T. (2006). Agroforestry, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 260pp. (In Persian).
Spiegelaar, N.F., Tsuji, J.S., and Oelbermann, M., 2013. The potential use of agroforestry community gardens as a sustainable import-substitution strategy for enhancing food security in subarctic Ontario. Canada, 5: 4057-4075.
