Damage caused by the war on ecosystem services in Khuzestan province; HuralAzim wetland

Subject Areas : KARBARI ARAZI

salimeh  ebadi ghajari ¹ (خیابان خوش. بالاتر از مرتضوی. انتهای کوچه خداکرم. ابتدای کوچه شهامی. پلاک ۱)
naghme  mobarghei ² (Professor of Environmental Sciences Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran)
mostafa  keshtkar ³ (Ph.D Student of Science and Environment Engneering, Tehran)

Received: 2020-10-09 Accepted : 2021-05-16 Published : 2021-08-23

Keywords: Khuzestan province, war, Ecosystem Services, Environmental Damage, Benefit Transfer,

Abstract :

War is defined as armed conflict between different countries or groups in a country that can have devastating effects in various dimensions, including the environment. Among the effects of war on the environment can point to landuse change and habitat destruction, water, soil and air pollution, and noise from biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, plant and animal species destruction, A sudden increase in agricultural food production, changes in population patterns and environmental degradation strategies.The aim of the present study is to determine the economic value of the environmental damage caused by the imposed war (1980-1988) on the HuralAzim wetland. For this purpose, by studying documents, comparing land use maps and land cover before and after the war, using the Landsat 2 and 5 satellite image classification in 1977 and 1988 and the object-oriented method, various Analyze the environmental damage caused by the war and the severity of the damage using QGIS, ENVI and eCognition software. Then, using the ecosystem services valuation method (benefit transfer), the amount of these damages and damage caused by it on the ecosystem of Horealamiz wetland is valued. Eventually is calculated, it was observed that the war between Iran and Iraq caused an annual damage of 18 billion dollars, equivalent to 3857 One thousand thousand billion rials, on the environment of the HuralAzim wetland. That amount is for one year, and can be changed according to annual inflation for continues years.