Examining Rhetoric Question in Mystical Poems of Kalim- e- Kashani

Subject Areas : Islamic Mysticism

Gholamreza Hatefi Ardakani ¹ , Seyed Hossein Shahab Razavi ² , Azizollah Tavakolli ³

1 - PHD Student, Persian Language and Literature, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Iran

Received: 2022-03-08 Accepted : 2022-03-08 Published : 2022-03-21

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Abstract :

Most mystic poets use the form and template of rhetorical questions to present mystical lessons. Kalim Kashani renowned for Khallagh Al-Ma'ani The 2nd. (990-1061) AH. One of the most famous lyric poets of the Indian style, using this linguistic and artistic style or important rhetorical construct, mystical thoughts such as the world, soul, charm, heart, independencemortality, attraction, sun, Hassan, effort, glass cup, owl, Poverty, cum, love, tayyar, murad ... In the form of rhetorical questions with different secondary concepts. The use of the kind of negation in the poems of Kalim-e- Kashani has the highest share and use (41.18%) for expressing mystical content. One of the main principles of practical mysticism is that it is necessary for the mystic first to prove the truth, to negate the attachments. Surprisingly, the product is the negation of belongings. Kalim-e- Kashani in his poems after understanding God's majesty by understanding his disability, has been raising rhetoric question to blame and criticize social hardship. This paper, using the content analysis method, aimed to acquaint the audience with the lessons of practical mysticism of Kalim-e- Kashani, have examined the mystical content of rhetoric question in poems of Kalim-e- Kashani. The use of illustrations and literary tools of allegory, association, Hosne Ta’lil and Jenaas has made the poet's rhetoric question tight. The rhetorical questions with the secondary meanings of denial, wonder, injustice and rebuke have formed the four main aspects of the themes of poems of Kalim-e- Kashani.