Study of Ruzbihan’s Revelations by Using William James Analysis Model

Subject Areas : Islamic Mysticism

Farhad Farzi ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری عرفان اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
Abdolreza Mazaheri ² (استاد گروه عرفان اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.نویسنده مسئول: [e-mail])
Enshalah Rahmati ³ (استاد گروه فلسفه، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)

Received: 2021-12-08 Accepted : 2022-02-21 Published : 2023-03-21

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Abstract :

In Islamic mysticism, revelation has been and is an important issue. When the mystic, as a result of the purification of the soul and the austerity instilled in him by the mentor and the old man, attains positions and authorities, he has in fact made revelations. Ruzbihan Baqli is one of the great mystics of the sixth century AH, who is undoubtedly one of the two tendencies in Islamic Sufism, which known for two obvious tendencies in Islamic Sufism known as drunkenness and awareness (or in the words of Hafiz Masti and Masturi), Ruzbihan is undoubtedly in the first one. New perspectives on religion and religious beliefs and the emergence of new topics and issues in this regard have long been on the attracted religious thinkers, including the discussion of religious experience. William James considers religion to be the effects, feelings, and events that occur to every human being in loneliness, and considers emotions to be the inherent concept of religion. In his view, religious experience is the essence of religion, in the sense that the truth of religion is the feelings and emotions that arise in man when confronted with the ultimate truth, and other matters, such as the beliefs of deeds and rituals, are later than this experience. The present survey, after dealing with Ruzbihan's revelations, will examine whether Ruzbihan’s revelations can be analyzed according to the model of William James, and if so, what the commonalities and differences between Ruzbihan’s revelations (mystical experience) and religious experience of existence are and what the characteristics of religious experience and mystical experience from the point of view of William James are also, whether the four characteristics that William James put forward in connection with mystical experiences apply to Ruzbihan's revelations. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library method and books, articles and software are used and also the data collection tool is note taking.