Investigating the Intellectual Capital and Job Security of Employees and their Role in Reducing Organizational Evasion
Subject Areas : ManagementMahdi Ariamanesh 1 , Mitra Sadoughi 2
1 - Masters Student in Career Counseling, Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
Keywords: Intellectual Capital, structural capital, Human Capital, job security, communication capital, Organizational Evasion,
Abstract :
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and job security with organizational avoidance of the employees of the Department of Education in Behnmir. The purpose of this research was in the field of applied research and, in terms of the research method, it was correlational. The statistical population of the employees of Behnmir city education department was 211 people, and 136 people were selected as a statistical sample with the help of simple random sampling method. The data collection tools were the standard job security questionnaires of Nissi et al. (2009), Bontis's intellectual capital (1998) and Karol's organizational avoidance (2000). In order to confirm the validity of the research tools, face and content validity were used and the validity of the questionnaires was assessed as good. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the research tools, which was confirmed. The method of data analysis was using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient method and regression test using SPSS software. The findings of the research indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural and relational) and job security with organizational avoidance of employees. The results showed that structural capital, communication capital, job security and human capital respectively have the highest predicting power of the organizational avoidance criterion variable.
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Alvino, F., Di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., & Palladino, R. (2020). Intellectual capital and sustainable development: A systematic literature review. . Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(1), 76-94.
Ayanda, O. J., & Sani, A. D. (2011). European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. An Evaluation of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Practices in Nigerian Universities: The Impact of Ownership Type and Age.(32).
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Bontis, N. (1998). Intellecttuall capital :: an explloratory sttudy thatt develop measures and modells. Managing Decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Charness, G., Cobo-Reyes, R., Jiménez, N., Lacomba, J. A., & Lagos, F. (2017). Job security and long-term investment: An experimental analysis. European Economic Review, 95, 195-214.
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El-Sahli, Z., Gullstrand, J., & Olofsdotter, K. (2022). The external effects of offshoring on job security in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 1-28.
Falatah, R., Almuqati, J., Almuqati, H., & Altunbakti, K. (2021). Linking nurses’ job security to job satisfaction and turnover intention during reform and privatization: A cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1578-1586.
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Nisi, M., Waghfouri, G., & Khaki, G. (2008). Validation of job security questionnaire. Farda Management, 5(4), 59-78.
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Sanyal, S., Wamique Hisam, M., & Aqeel BaOmar, Z. (2018). Loss Of Job Security And Its Impact On Employee Performance – A Study In Sultanate Of Oman. International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth, 7(6), 201-212.
Semyari, M. (2018). Investigating the impact of job security and intellectual capital on the psychological empowerment of employees (case study: staff of the Martyrs and Martyrs Foundation). Sohravardi Institute of Higher Education]. Iran. [In Persian]
Shahroudi, M. (2021). A study of organizational learning and its effect on intellectual capital in the staff of Payam Noor University, Tehran province. [Master's thesis, Payam Noor University]. South Tehran Center. [In Persian]
Shoss, M. K. (2017). Job insecurity: An integrative review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1911-1939.
Slawinski, N., Pinkse, J., Busch, T., & Banerjee, S. B. (2017). The role of short-termism and uncertainty avoidance in organizational inaction on climate change: A multi-level framework. Business & Society, 56(2), 253-282.
Sohrabi, A., Hasanzadeh, K., & Molavi, Z. (2021). Role of Organizational Bullying in Psychological Characteristics of a Job (Job Engagement, Stress and Job Insecurity) Case of Selected Branches of a Bank in Qom Province. . Management Research in Iran, 22(3), 159-179. [In Persian]
Soleimani, A., Samavatian, H., & Nouri, A. (2017). The relationship between job security and organizational support with the events of Isfahan gas company: the moderating role of demographic characteristics. Improving safety and preventing injuries, 5(1). [In Persian]
Soleimani, N., Aghdasi, M., & Ostadi, B. (2019). Presentation of mathematical formula in Employee Value. Modern Research in Decision Making, 4(1), 101-118. [In Persian]
Vaezi, R., Hoseynpoor, D., & Ranjbar kaboutarkhani, M. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Justice in Appearing Deviance Behavior Based on the Mediating Role of Perception of Organizational Justice. Organizational Behaviour Studies Quarterly, 5(3), 85-112. [In Persian]
Wang, Y. M., Ahmad, W., Arshad, M., Yin, H. L., Ahmad, B., & Ali, Z. (2021). Impact of coordination, psychological safety, and job security on employees’ performance: The moderating role of coercive pressure. Sustainability, 13(6), 3175.
_||_Abeysekera, I. (2021). Intellectual Capital and knowledge management research towards value creation. From the past to the future. . Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(6), 238.
Ahmadi, M. (2021). Investigating the effect of organizational laziness on social avoidance and organizational indifference of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. [ Master's thesis, Ilam University]. Iran. [In Persian]
Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). Intellectual capital: A modern model to measure the value creation in a business. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(2), 31-43.
Alvino, F., Di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., & Palladino, R. (2020). Intellectual capital and sustainable development: A systematic literature review. . Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(1), 76-94.
Ayanda, O. J., & Sani, A. D. (2011). European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. An Evaluation of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Practices in Nigerian Universities: The Impact of Ownership Type and Age.(32).
Babaei, F. (2019). Designing and explaining the social avoidance model of working groups in Iran's oil refining and distribution industry [Master's thesis, Kharazmi University]. [In Persian]
Bhargava, A., Bester, M., & Bolton, L. (2021). Employees’ perceptions of the implementation of robotics, artificial intelligence, and automation (RAIA) on job satisfaction, job security, and employability. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(1), 106-113.
Böckerman, P., Ilmakunnas, P., & Johansson, E. (2016). Job security and employee well-being: Evidence from matched survey and register data. . Labour Economics, 18(4), 547-554.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellecttuall capital :: an explloratory sttudy thatt develop measures and modells. Managing Decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Charness, G., Cobo-Reyes, R., Jiménez, N., Lacomba, J. A., & Lagos, F. (2017). Job security and long-term investment: An experimental analysis. European Economic Review, 95, 195-214.
Ehsani, R. (2019). Investigating the impact of knowledge management processes on sustainable competitive advantage through the mediating role of intellectual capital in private universities in Kabul. [Master's degree, Imam Reza International University]. Iran. [In Persian]
El-Sahli, Z., Gullstrand, J., & Olofsdotter, K. (2022). The external effects of offshoring on job security in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 1-28.
Falatah, R., Almuqati, J., Almuqati, H., & Altunbakti, K. (2021). Linking nurses’ job security to job satisfaction and turnover intention during reform and privatization: A cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1578-1586.
Farmani, M. (2019). Investigating the impact of social responsibility on competitiveness in online stores with the mediation of intellectual capital and social capital (the case study of Digikala online store). [Master's thesis, Institute of Higher Education]. Iran. [In Persian]
Hamidi, P. (2021). Examining the relationship between social avoidance and organizational identity considering the mediating role of social laziness among education workers in Raz city [ Master's thesis, Payam Noor University]. Mashhad Center. [In Persian]
Hasan, M. M., Lobo, G. J., & Qiu, B. (2021). Organizational capital, corporate tax avoidance, and firm value. Journal of Corporate Finance, 70, 102050.
Izadian Sheyjani, M., & Sadoughi, M. (2022). Develop a job satisfaction model based on job empowerment and professional competence. Management and Educational Perspective, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.22034/jmep.2022.287 836.1076 [In Persian]
Jiang, L., Hub, S., Näswallc, K., López Bohle, S., & Wang, H.-J. (2020). Why and when cognitive job insecurity relates to affective job insecurity? A three-study exploration of negative rumination and the tendency to negative gossip. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., 29, 678–692.
Kamali, M., Shahangian Mohaddeh Al Sadat, M., Mobaraki, H., & Fahimi Malahat, A. (2019). Investigating the relationship between job satisfaction and quality of work life in teachers of exceptional schools in Tehran. Disability Studies, 10(1). [In Persian]
Kurd, H. (2017). Investigating the relationship between the type of employment contract and job performance and job security in the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Golestan region. [Master's thesis, Islamic Azad University]. Shahrood. [In Persian]
Li, Y., Gong, Y., Burmeister, A., Wang, M., Alterman, V., Alonso, A., & Robinson, S. (2021). Leveraging age diversity for organizational performance: An intellectual capital perspective. . Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(1), 71.
López-Zapata, E., & Ramírez-Gómez, A. D. J. (2023). Intellectual capital, organizational culture and ambidexterity in Colombian firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(2), 375-398. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-08-2020-0286
Mansoubi, L. (2020). The mediating role of cyber evasion in the relationship between organizational factors and financial performance. [Master's thesis, Apadana Institute of Higher Education]. Iran. [In Persian]
Mousavi Naini, M. (2019). Designing a prediction model of organizational citizenship behavior based on job security and organizational commitment and the moderating role of personality traits. [Master's thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University]. Iran. [In Persian]
Mousazadeh, J. (2019). Examining the relationship between intellectual capital and auditors' virtuous ethics. [Master's thesis, Hakiman Training Institute]. Iran. [In Persian]
Nisi, M., Waghfouri, G., & Khaki, G. (2008). Validation of job security questionnaire. Farda Management, 5(4), 59-78.
Piseh Ehsan, S. (2021). Investigating the effect of organizational capability on organizational reputation with regard to the mediating role of intellectual capital (case study: Ikhm Consulting Engineers). [Master's thesis, Payam Noor University]. West Tehran. [In Persian]
Rezae, M., Imani, M., & Mohammad Khani, K. (2020). Identification and ranking of effective factors on job security of the faculty of universities with emphasis on autonomy of Islamic Azad. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 11(44), 153-180. [In Persian]
Samani, A., Darvish, H., Abesi, S., & Safarzadeh, H. (2017). Designing a Model for Organizational Loafing and it s Impact on the Performance of Organization (Case Study: ICT ministry). Public Management Researches, 10(35), 241-265. https://doi.org/10.22111/jmr.2017.3303 [In Persian]
Sanyal, S., Wamique Hisam, M., & Aqeel BaOmar, Z. (2018). Loss Of Job Security And Its Impact On Employee Performance – A Study In Sultanate Of Oman. International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth, 7(6), 201-212.
Semyari, M. (2018). Investigating the impact of job security and intellectual capital on the psychological empowerment of employees (case study: staff of the Martyrs and Martyrs Foundation). Sohravardi Institute of Higher Education]. Iran. [In Persian]
Shahroudi, M. (2021). A study of organizational learning and its effect on intellectual capital in the staff of Payam Noor University, Tehran province. [Master's thesis, Payam Noor University]. South Tehran Center. [In Persian]
Shoss, M. K. (2017). Job insecurity: An integrative review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1911-1939.
Slawinski, N., Pinkse, J., Busch, T., & Banerjee, S. B. (2017). The role of short-termism and uncertainty avoidance in organizational inaction on climate change: A multi-level framework. Business & Society, 56(2), 253-282.
Sohrabi, A., Hasanzadeh, K., & Molavi, Z. (2021). Role of Organizational Bullying in Psychological Characteristics of a Job (Job Engagement, Stress and Job Insecurity) Case of Selected Branches of a Bank in Qom Province. . Management Research in Iran, 22(3), 159-179. [In Persian]
Soleimani, A., Samavatian, H., & Nouri, A. (2017). The relationship between job security and organizational support with the events of Isfahan gas company: the moderating role of demographic characteristics. Improving safety and preventing injuries, 5(1). [In Persian]
Soleimani, N., Aghdasi, M., & Ostadi, B. (2019). Presentation of mathematical formula in Employee Value. Modern Research in Decision Making, 4(1), 101-118. [In Persian]
Vaezi, R., Hoseynpoor, D., & Ranjbar kaboutarkhani, M. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Justice in Appearing Deviance Behavior Based on the Mediating Role of Perception of Organizational Justice. Organizational Behaviour Studies Quarterly, 5(3), 85-112. [In Persian]
Wang, Y. M., Ahmad, W., Arshad, M., Yin, H. L., Ahmad, B., & Ali, Z. (2021). Impact of coordination, psychological safety, and job security on employees’ performance: The moderating role of coercive pressure. Sustainability, 13(6), 3175.