The Effect of Pin Speed on the Microstructural, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Ti/HA Surface Composites Produced by FSP Method
Subject Areas :Amirhosein Shahbaz 1 , Mehrdad Abbasi 2 * , Hamed Sabet 3
1 - Department of Materials Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Materials Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Materials Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Keywords: Friction Stir Processing Traverse Speed Titanium Hydroxyapatite Physicochemical Properties,
Abstract :
Titanium is one of the most important metal elements used in many industries including aerospace, medicine, and automotive. On the other hand, hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most important materials used in the medical applications to replace damaged bones. This research explored the influence of microstructure on the mechanical, electrochemical, and biological characteristics of Ti/HA surface composites created through the FSP method. The microstructure was modified by varying traverse speeds within the range of 25–70 mm/min. Examination of the microstructure revealed that lower traverse speeds (25–40 mm/min) resulted in fewer defects such as voids and cracks compared to higher speeds (55–70 mm/min). Higher traverse speeds led to a more heterogeneous distribution of HA particles in the Ti matrix due to increased stirring effects and cooling rates, resulting in more voids and cracks. Mechanical assessments indicated a decrease in ultimate tensile strength with increasing traverse speed. The values for samples at 25, 40, 55, and 70 mm/min were recorded as 865 MPa, 748 MPa, 756 MPa, and 540 MPa, respectively, with a ± 4% standard deviation. While all samples exhibited high biocompatibility, the sample produced at a speed of 70 mm/min, which had a higher number of defects and surface agglomeration of HA particles, showed the highest cell viability. These findings highlight the significant impact of processing conditions on material properties, affecting susceptibility to localized forms of cell viability over time.
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