Effect of organic manure and bio-fertilizer on growth traits and quantities yield in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaerth)

Subject Areas :

Laleh Volaii ¹ , Gorban Nour Mohammadi ² , Tahereh Hasanlou ³ , Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi ⁴

1 - M.Sc. of Agronomy Department, Varamin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
2 - Professor of Agronomy Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - . Department of Plant Physiology and Proteomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
4 - Assistant Prof. of Agronomy Department, Roudhen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.

Received: 2012-07-15 Accepted : 2012-11-01 Published : 2014-02-20

Keywords: Seed yield, Silybum marianum, Phosphate bio-fertilizer, Vermi-compost,

Abstract :

This experiment was conducted as factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Roudehen Research field, in 2010. Two factors; vermin compost at four levels (5, 10, 15, and 20 ton.ha-1 and check) as first factor and phosphate bio-fertilizer in two levels (Inoculation and Non Inoculation) as second factor. Results showed vermin compost had significant effect on all of investigate traits. Seed inoculation with phosphate bio-fertilizer had significant effect on capsule number, fresh weigh of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower, total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower, total dry weight per plant, and seed yield. As well as, only capsule diameter not significant at interaction of vermin-compost phosphate × bio-fertilizer. The most of seed yield was produced with 20 ton vermin-compost, because of increased capsule number, capsule diameter and 1000 seed weight. As, plant height, fresh weight of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower and total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower and total dry weight per plant had maximum in this rate. With inoculation of phosphate bio-fertilizer, cause of increase capsule number and capsule diameter, had observed highest seed yield. The maximum seed yield (2150.2 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of 20 ton vermin-compost × with inoculation. Therefore, 20 ton vermin-compost and phosphate inoculation, because of increased seed yield was introduced the best treatment.