Analysis of Relationship between Social Capital and Feeling of Security in Kerman City
Subject Areas :
Woman and Society
A. صنعت خواه
1
1 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمان، ایران
Received: 2016-02-02
Accepted : 2016-02-02
Published : 2016-01-21
Keywords:
Social Capital,
trust,
Participation,
feeling of security,
Abstract :
Security is undoubtedly perceived as one of the necessities of life in the society. Women’s social life highly depends on their feeling of security because of their special social and psychological position. This research attempted to analyze the relationship between social capital and feeling of security for women. The sample size included 2000 people (of whom 903were women) selected by a combination of cluster and stratified sampling according to the age and gender in 22nd district of Tehran. Data analyses by AMOSS17 and SPSS 19 software examined the relationship between social capital and sense of security of women. The results showed that institutional trust (0.286) had the most effect on women's sense of security. Then women's political participation (0.174) and public trust (0.145) respectfully had the most impact on women's sense of security. This paper also studied levels of (civic, charitable, and religious) participation however; they had no significant impact on women's sense of security.
References:
Ahmadi, Habib and others (2013) examined the relationship between media consumption and fear of crime, urban sociological studies,year of 3, number Seventh, summer,Persian
Almasi far, Nina et all, (2010). "analysis of environment security in regional parks as part of urban spaces from the perspective of women based approach(CPTED )Case Study: saei Park), Urban Management, No. 25, Summer, pp.21-34 ,Persian
Arizi, F et al (2012). "The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of women feeling of security in public places in the city of Bandar Abbas, Urban Studies, year 2, No4, Fall, pp.
91-110, Persian
Behyan, Shapur, Firoozabadi, A. (2013) investigate the factors influence of social security in cities (case study: Kerman), urban sociological studies (urban studies), Volume 3, No. 6; Spring, pp.
122-103, Persian
Bidokhti A. Amin, N. Sharifi (2013) The role of social capital structures intervention in the relationship between religion and social security, strategic studies of social order and security , Volume 1, Number 3, Fall,p 13-38,Persian
Bourdieu, P. (1986) The Forms of Capital inBaron, S. Field, J. Schuller, T. (eds.) (2000) Social Capital - Critical Perspectives. Oxford University Press.
Bursik, R. J., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Burt, R. S. 2001 Structural Holes Versus Network Closure as Social Capital.” In Social Capital: Theory and Research. Ed. N.Lin,K.Cook, and R. S.Burt. New York: Aldine De Gruyter. Pp. 31–56.
Coleman and Hoffer (1987) "High School and Beyond" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_capital
Fukuyama, F. (1995) Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity, Hamish Hamilton, London.
Fukuyama, F. (2001) Social Capital, Civil Society and Development, Third World Quarterly, 22, 1, 7-20.
Ghasemi, V et all (2011) explain the sociological impact of religion on bonding social capital (case study Esfahan city), Applied Sociology (Journal of Human Sciences of Esfahan university): Volume 22, Number 2 (s 42); Summer, pp. 21-46,Persian
Haqhiqhatyan, M. (2014) Women's sense of security and some influencing factors ,urban sociological studies (urban studies): Spring, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp.71-53,Persian
Haqhiqhatyan, Mansour and others (2012) examine the relationship between social capital (based on the separation of bonding ,bridging and linking social capital) and a sense of security in Tehran, sociology of youth, Volume 3, No. 6,: summer, p. 37-5. ,Persian
Hashemian Far ,Ali et all (2011) sociological study of social security in the city of esfahan, strategic research Strategy Journal of security and social order,: year 1, Number 3, Fall, pp. 39-62 ,Persian
Hassanzadeh Samarin, T, Hemati Gilani ,M and others (2012) investigated the relationship between social capital and social security (staff of Golestan Province), strategic research of security and social order,Volume 3, Number 1, spring and summer, p17-36,Persian
Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Battin-Pearson, S. R. (1999). Childhood risk factors for adolescent gangmembership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, 300–322.
Kirk, D. S. (2009). Unraveling the contextual effects on student suspension and juvenile arrest: The independent and interdependent influences of school, neighborhood,and family social controls. Criminology, 47, 479–520.
McCluskey, C. P., Patchin, J. W., & Bynum, T. S. (2004). Reducing chronic absenteeism: An assessment of an early truancy initiative. Crime & Delinquency, 50, 214–234.
Mears, Daniel,. Stewart ,Eric A(2010) Interracial contact and fear of crime,Journal of Criminal Justice 38, p 34–41
Meshkati, M. and Mishkat, z, (2002) The effect of internal and external factors of Family on delinquency, Association of Sociology, Volume 4, Number 2, Persian
Messner, S. F., & Tardiff, K. (1986). Economic inequality and levels of homicide: An analysis of urban neighborhoods. Criminology, 24, 297–315.
Moeinadini, Jawad,et all (2013) bonding Social capital and influencing factors among residents of the city of Kerman, sociological studies of urban (urban studies), Volume 3, No. 6; Spring, pp. 57-80,Persian
Mohseni Tabrizi A, Gharamani S, Yahak S (2011) Indefensible urban spaces and violence (Study on indefensible urban spaces of Tehran city) . jas. 2012; 22 (4) :51-70 ,Persian
Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2004), Vandalism, Tehran: sanjesh publisher. ,Persian.
noruzi, Faizollah (2009) study of women social security and social factors affecting on it,case study of wemen of 29-15 years old in city of Tehran, Strategy Journal of security and social order, year. 18, No. 53, Winter, pp. 129-159, Persian
Portes, A. (1998) Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology Annual Review of Sociology (24)1-24.
Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone - The Collapse and Revival of American Community NewYork: Simon & Schuster.
Razvi tossi, Syed mojtabah, saei, Mohammad Hossein (2011). "feeling of insecurity of Iranians citizenship whit emphasis on on recent news of violence, cultural studies - Communications, year 12, No. 16, Winter ,pp.83-127, Persian
Rezwan Ali, M. Fathi, (2012), "analysis of Factors associated with insecurity in urban neighborhoods, Journal of Social Welfare, year of 45, No. 45, pp. 387-410 ,Persian
Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774–802.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime:A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918–924.
setodeh, Hidayatu'llah (2003) social pathology, sixteenth edition, Tehran: avaye noor, p149-130,Persian
Shams, GH and others (2013) "The impact of leadership components based on security staff peace on agents feeling of security , the role of mediator effectiveness of leadership, Modern Educational Thought, Volume 4, , Winter, pp. 33-53 ,Persian
Swatt ,a Marc L,, Varano , Sean P (2013) Fear of crime, incivilities, and collective efficacy in four Miami neighborhoods, Journal of Criminal Justice 41 ,p 1–11
Warner, B. D. (2007). Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology,45, 99–129.
Woolcock, M. (2001) The Place of Social Capital in understanding Social and Economic Outcomes, Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2, 1, 1-17.
Wyant, B. R. (2008). Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45, 39–64.
Yari,hamed et all (2012) examine the relationship between social security and trust among citizens (city of Kermanshah), strategic research Strategy Journal of security and social order, Volume 1, Number 4, Winter, pp. 39-58,persian
Yarmohammad Touski ,Maryam, Hajabolhasani, Hannaneh, Rahimizadeh, Payam, Jafari, Noushin(2012) Assessing social elements influencing to social security feeling among 16-30 year old women in Iran (case study in Tehran 2012) , 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Geography and Economics (ICHGE'2012) Singapore ,page 28-29, April